outta d'FReeza still in d'boxes
---------------------------------------------slowly easin' into to bIZZ
mOre raWHide----------------y' aint diggin' no ditches for cables, yet
nummular tEKNO---------------------------d'RODEO begins! lots o' wires!
d'Power be with y', d'hling!
stAYin', orBITin' d'dust------------------d'Clintches fromda east-Woods
if slap & tickle aint d'same no more.
forGETmeNOT d'alling-----------last bites d'machine! da's all ph-users!
preprAIRy'-----------------------------------------------------on d'way
Howdy'--------------------------------------------first time to d'ranch
triX4Y'all---------'ll getcha simple way to cool, to phool ole chipCard
e & m r guarantees personalised services 'n' relaxed manners so you
arrive in better shape for bussines- - Lemon fresh!
we speak english, d'hrling!
phOLKS & mORE preserves all rights to changes of programs!
outta d'FReeza still in d'boxes...
slowly easin'into bIZZ
O' late, nu habits're issued to Santa's Helpas- Dont get dawdled,
just 'coz 'ere is usually a sign somewhere on 'em habits, sayin'
Telycom. They remain d'same helpas!
Y' shall hear d'bell ringin! 'n' y' shall recova!
D'hling, 'em sounds're ever so slightly different from d'ones on
Thunda's & Blitza's necks!
While lookin' for d'familiar `black' might be of no use no more,
on seein' 'em uniforms all aroun' town,
just remember Boxin' Day's
acomin'!
You have received this information as courtesy of
.neXus & more,
CCC Pages _ Chaos Computer Club 1994-2001 & more,
hacktic & more,
& mORE
We do not claim to be hackers, phreaks, pirates, traitors, etc.
We only believe that an alternative to making certain info/ideas
illegal as a means to keep people from doing bad things - is
make information free, and educate people how to handle free
information responsibly. Please think and act responsibly.
Don't get cockey, don't get pushy. There is always gonna be
someone out there that can kick your ass. Remember that.
&now to
-#m#- Boxing in different shades
-#O#- Some more detailed (some & more in The Phreakers Manual)
-#R#- A special on the king, his Royal Highness the bluebox
~~ The Official Phreaker's Manual on hHhis Majesty
~~ Blue Boxing Revisited (by The Micro Master)
~~ BLUE BOX PLANS mADE eASY
-#E#- A treat in pro- Enhanced German
readouts & faqs
ie. d'followins
for 'm enhanced
German speaka's
-#m#-
----------- Boxing in different shades ----------
Acrylic
Steal Three-Way-Calling, Call Waiting and programmable Call
Forwarding on old 4-wire phone systems
Advpearl
>>> under construction <<<
Aqua
Drain the voltage of the FBI lock-in-trace/trap-trace
Baxcon
>>>under costruction<<<
Bbuild
>>>under costruction<<<
Beige
Lineman's hand set
Black
Allows the calling party to not be billed for the call placed
Blast
Phone microphone amplifier
Blotto
Supposedly shorts every fone out in the immediate area
Blue
Emulate a true operator by siezing a trunk with a 2600hz tone
Boxgenerator
'>>>under costruction<<<
Box Info
>>>under costruction<<<
Box World
>>>under costruction<<<
Breaker
>>>under costruction<<<
Brown
Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Bud
Tap into your neighbors phone line
Busy
>>>under costruction<<<
Cable
>>>under costruction<<<
Charge
>>>under costruction<<<
Chartreuse
Use the electricity from your phone line
Cheese
Connect two phones to create a divertor
Chrome
Manipulate Traffic Signals by Remote Control
Clear
A telephone pickup coil and a small amp use to make free
calls on Fortress Phones
Color
Line activated telephone recorder
Copper
Cause crosstalk interference on an extender
Crimson
Hold button
Dark
Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
Dayglo
Connect to your neighbors phone line
Descrambler
>>>under costruction<<<
Divertor
Re-route outgoing or incoming calls to another phone
DLOC
Create a party line from 2 phone lines
DNA
>>>under costruction<<<
Gold
Trace calls, tell if the call is being traced, and can change a
trace
Green
Emulate the Coin Collect, Coin Return, and Ringback tones
Infinity
Remotely activated phone tap
Jack
Touch-Tone key pad
Key
>>>under costruction<<<
Light
In-use light
Lunch
AM transmitter
Magenta
Connect a remote phone line to another remote phone line
Mauve
Phone tap without cutting into a line
Music
>>>under costruction<<<
Neon
External microphone
Noise
Create line noise
Olive
External ringer
Paisley
>>>under costruction<<<
Party
Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Pearl
Tone generator
Peel
>>>under costruction<<<
Pink
Create a party line from 2 phone lines
Puce
>>>under costruction<<<
Purple
Telephone hold button
Rainbow
Kill a trace by putting 120v into the phone line (joke)
Razz
Tap into your neighbors phone
Red
Make free phone calls from pay phones by generating quarter
tones
Rock
Add music to your phone line
Scarlet
Cause a neighbors phone line to have poor reception
Silver
Create the DTMF tones for A, B, C and D
Snow
>>>under costruction<<<
Static
Keep the voltage on a phone line high
Switch
Add hold, indicator lights, conferencing, etc..
Tan
Line activated telephone recorder
Tap
>>>under costruction<<<
Transmit
>>>under costruction<<<
Tron
Reverse the phase of power to your house, causing your electric
meter to run slower
TV Cable
"See" sound waves on your TV
Urine
Create a capacitative disturbance between the ring and tip
wires in another's telephone headset
Violet
Keep a payphone from hanging up
WeaponX
>>>under costruction<<<
White
Portable DTMF keypad
Yellow
Add an extension phone
-#O#-
---------
BEIGE BOX
---------
Invented by: The Exterminator and The Terminal Man
------------ INTRODUCTION ------------
Have you ever wanted a lineman's handset? Surely every
phreak
has at least once considered the phun that he could have with
one. After searching unlocked phone company trucks for one
for months, we had an idea. We could build one. We did, and
named it the "Beige Box," simply because that is the color of
ours. In the following file we will give complete instructions for the
construction and use of a Beige Box.
------------ CONSTRUCTION ------------
The construction is very simple. First, you must understand
the concept of the device. In a modular jack, there are four
wires. These are red, green, yellow, and black. For a single line
tele-phone, however, only two matter: the red (ring) and green
(tip). The yellow and black are not necessary for this
project. A lineman's handset only has two clips on it: the ring
and the tip.
You will need a phone (we recommend a touch-tone) with a
modular plug, a modular jack, and two large alligator clips
(preferably red and green, respectively). Take the modular jack
and look at the bottom of its casing. There should be a grey
jack with four wires (red, green, yellow, and black) leading out
of it. To the end of the red wire attach a red alligator clip.
To the end of the green wire attach a green alligator clip. The
yellow and black wires can be removed, although I would only
set them aside so that you can use the modular jack in future
projects. Now in-sert your telephone's modular plug into the
modular jack. That's it.
This particular model is nice because it can be easily made, is
inexpensive, uses common parts that are readily available, is
small, is lightweight, and does not require the destruction of a
phone.
--------------
BEIGE BOX USES --------------
There are many uses for the Beige Box. However, before you
can use it, you must know how to attach it to its output
device. This device can be any of several Bell switching
apparatus that include terminal sets (i.e., remote switching
centers, bridging heads, cans, etc.). To open most Bell
Telephone switching ap-paratus, you must have a 7/16 inch
hex driver. This piece of equipment can be picked up at your
local hardware store. With your 7/16 hex driver, turn the
security bolt(s) approximately 1/8 of an inch counter-
clockwise and open. If your output device is locked, then you
must have some knowledge of destroying and/or picking locks.
However, we have never encountered a locked out-put device.
Once you have opened your output device, you should see a mass
of wires connected to terminals. On most of your out-put
devices, the terminals should be labeled "T" (Tip -- if not
labeled, it is usually on the left) and "R" (Ring -- if not la-
beled, it is usually on the right). Remember: Ring - red -right.
The "Three R's" -- a simple way to remember which
is which.
Now you must attach the red alligator clip (ring) to the "R"
(ring) terminal. Attach the green alligator clip (tip) to the
"T" (tip) terminal. NOTE: If instead of a dial tone you hear
nothing, re-adjust the alligator clips so that they are not
touching each other or other terminals. Also make sure that they
are firmly attached. By this time you should hear a dial tone.
Dial ANI and find out the number that you are using (you
wouldn't want
to use your own).
Here are some practical applications:
o Eavesdropping
o Long distance, static-free phone calls to phriends
o Dialing direct to Alliance Conferencing (also static-free)
o Phucking people over
o Bothering the operator at little risk to yourself of Blue
Boxing
with a greatly reduced chance of getting caught or Anything at
all that you want, since you are an extension on that line
-------------
Eavesdropping
-------------
To be most effective, first attach the Beige Box and then your
phone. This eliminates static caused by connecting the box,
therefore reducing the potential suspicion of your victim.
When eavesdropping, it is always best to be neither seen nor
heard. If you hear someone dialing out, do not panic; but rather
hang up, wait, and pick up the receiver again. The person will
either have hung up or tried to complete their call again. If
the latter is true, then listen in, and perhaps you will find
infor-mation worthy of blackmail! If you would like to know
who you are listening to, after dialing ANI, pull a CN/A on the
number.
---------------------
Dialing Long Distance
---------------------
This section is self-explanatory, but don't forget to dial a "1"
before the NPA.
---------------------------------------
Dialing Direct to Alliance Conferencing ---------------------
------------------
Simply dial 0-700-456-1000 and you will get instructions
from there. I prefer this method over PBXs, since PBXs often
have poor reception and are more difficult to come by.
--------------------
Phucking People Over
--------------------
This is a very large topic for discussion. Just by using the
other functions described, you can create a large phone bill for
the person (they will not have to pay it, but it is a hassle for
them). In addition, since you are an extension of the person's
line, leave your phone off hook, and they will not be able to
make or receive calls. This can be extremely nasty because no
one would suspect the cause of the problem.
----------------------
Bothering the Operator ----------------------
This is also self-explanatory and can provide hours of
entertain-ment. Simply ask or say things to her that are
offensive and you would not like traced to your line. This also
corresponds with the previous described section, Phucking
People Over. After all, guess who's line it gets traced to?
He he he...
-----------
Blue Boxing
-----------
See a file on Blue Boxing for more details. This is an especially
nice feature if you live in an ESS-equipped prefix, since the
calls are, once again, not traced to your line.
---------------------------------
POTENTIAL RISKS OF BEIGE BOXING ------------------------
-------
Overuse of the Beige Box may cause suspicions within the
Gestapo, and result in legal problems. Therefore, I would
recommend that you:
o Use more than one output device
o Choose a secluded spot to do your Beige Boxing
o Keep a low profile (i.e., do not post under your real name on a
public BBS concerning your accomplishments)
o In order to make sure that the enemy has not been inside
your output device, I recommend that you place a piece of
transparent tape over the opening of your output device.
Therefore, if it is opened in your absence, the tape will be
displaced and you will be aware of the fact that someone has
been intruding upon your territory.
--------- BLACK BOX ---------
------------ Introduction ------------
What is a BLACK BOX? A BLACK BOX is a device that is hooked
up to your fone that fixes your fone so that when you get a
call, the caller doesn't get charged for the call. This is good for
calls up to 1/2 hour, after 1/2 hour the Fone Co. gets suspi-
cious, and then you can guess what happens.
---------------- The way it works ----------------
What this little beauty does is keep the line voltage from
drop-ping to 10v when you answer your fone. The line is
instead kept at 36v and it will make the fone think that it is
still ringing while your talking. The reason for the 1/2 hour
time limit is that the Fone CO. thinks that something is wrong
after 1/2 an hour of ringing.
All parts are available Radio Shack. Using the least possible
parts and arrangement, the cost is $0.98. And that is parts for
two of them! Talk about a deal! If you want to splurge then you
can get a small PC board, and a switch. There are two
schematic for this box, one is for most normal fones. The
second one is for fones that don't work with the first. It
was made for use with a Bell Trimline touch tone fone.
** Schematic 1 for most fones **
** LED ON: BOX ON **
FROM >--------------------GREEN-> TO LINE >--!
1.8k LED !---RED--> FONE !--///--!>--!
! !
------>/<-------
SPST
Parts:
1 1.8k 1/2 watt resistor
1 1.5v LED
1 SPST switch
You may just have two wires which you connect together for the switch.
** Schematic 2 for all fones **
** LED ON: BOX OFF **
FROM >---------------GREEN-> TO LINE
>----------RED--> FONE ! LED !
-->/<--!>--
! !
---///---
1.8k
Parts:
1 1.8k 1/2 watt resistor
1 1.5v LED 1 DPST switch
Here is the PC board layout that I recommend using. It is
neat and is very easy to hook up.
Schematic #1 Schematic #2
************** ****************
* * * ------- *
* ----- * * ! ! *
* ! ! * * ! ! *
* RESISTOR ! * * ! ! ! *
* ! ! * * ! ! / *
* -------- ! * * ! ! \ *
* ! ! * * ! ! / *
* --SWITCH-- * * ! ! \ *
* ! ! * * ! ! / *
* ! ! * * ! ! ! *
L * ! ! * F L * ! ! ! * F
I>RED- -RED>O I>RED- ---RED>O
N>-----GREEN---->N N>-----GREEN------>N
E * * E E * * E
************** ****************
Once you have hooked up all the parts, you must figure out
what set of wires go to the line and which go to the fone.
This is because of the fact that LED's must be put in, in a certain
direction. Depending on which way you put the LED is what controls
what wires are for the line & fone.
--------------- How to find out ---------------
Hook up the box in one direction using one set of wires for line
and the other for fone.
*NOTE* For Model I switch should be OFF.
*NOTE* For Model ][ switch should be set to side connecting the led.
Once you have hooked it up, then pick up the fone and see if the
LED is on. If it is, the LED will be lit. If is doesn't light then
switch the wires and try again. Once you know which are which then
label them.
*NOTE* -If neither directions worked then your switch was in the wrong
position. Now label the switch in its current position as BOX ON.
------------- How to use it -------------
The purpose of this box is not to people who call you so it
would make sense that it can only be used to receive calls.
When the box is *ON* then you may only receive calls. Your
fone will ring like normal and the LED on the box will flash.
If you answer the fone now, then the LED will light and the
caller will not be charged. Hang up the fone after you are done
talking like normal. You will not be able to get a dial-tone or
call when the box is on, so turn the box *OFF* for normal
calls. I don't recommend that you leave it on all the time, as
you don't want it to answer when Ma Bell calls!
---------- BLOTTO BOX ----------
Designed and Invented by: The Traveler
------------ Introduction ------------
Finally, it is here! What was first conceived as a joke to fool
the innocent phreakers around America has finally been
conceived by the one phreak who is the expert on lines and
voltage: The Traveler. Other boxes by the Traveler include the
White Gold Box, the Aqua Box, The Diverti Box, and the Cold Box.
All of those plans will soon be available in a BBS/AE near you!
------- History -------
For years now every pirate has dreamed of the Blotto Box. It
was at first made as a joke to mock more ignorant people into
think-ing that the function of it actually was possible. Well, if
you are The Voltage Master, it is possible. Originally
conceived by King Blotto of much fame, the Blotto Box is finally
available to the public.
-------- Function --------
The Blotto Box is every phreaks dream... you could hold AT&T
down on it's knee's with this device. Because, quite simply, it
can turn off the phone lines everywhere. Nothing. Blotto. No
calls will be allowed out of an area code, and no calls will be
allowed in. No calls can be made inside it for that matter. As
long as the switching system stays the same, this box will not
stop at a mere area code. It will stop at nothing. The electrical
impulses that emit from this box will open every line. Every
line will ring and ring and ring... the voltage will never be cut
off until the box/ generator is stopped. This is no 200 volt job,
here. We are talking GENERATOR. Every phone line will continue
to ring, and people close to the box may be electrocuted if
they pick up the phone.
But, the Blotto Box can be stopped by merely cutting of the line
or generator. If they are cut off then nothing will emit any
longer. It will take a while for the box to calm back down again,
but that is merely a superficial aftereffect. Once again: Con-
struction and use of this box is not advised! The Blotto Box will
continue as long as there is electricity to continue with.
OK, that is what it does, now, here are some interesting
things for you to do with it...
------------ Construction ------------
Once you have installed your Blotto, there is no turning back.
The following are the instructions for construction and use of
this box. Please read and heed all warnings in the above
section before you attempt to construct this box.
Materials:
- A Honda portable generator or a main power outlet like in a
stadium or some such place.
- A radio shack cord set for 400 volts that splices a female
plug into a phone line jack.
- A meter of voltage to attach to the box itself. - A green base
(i.e. one of the nice boxes about 3' by 4' that you see around in
your neighborhood. They are the main switch boards and would
be a more effective line to start with.
or: A regular phone jack (not your own, and not in your area
code!
- A soldering iron and much solder.
- A remote control or long wooden pole.
Now. You must have guessed the construction from that. If
not, here goes, I will explain in detail. Take the Honda Portable
Gen-erator and all of the other listed equipment and go out and
hunt for a green base. Make sure it is one on the ground or
hanging at head level from a pole, not the huge ones at the top
of telephone poles. Open it up with anything convenient, if you
are two feeble that fuck don't try this. Take a look inside... you
are hunting for color-coordinating lines of green and red. Now,
take out your radio shack cord and rip the meter thing off.
Replace it with the voltage meter about. A good level to set
the voltage to is about 1000 volts. Now, attach the voltage
meter to the cord and set the limit for one thousand. Plug the
other end of the cord into the generator. Take the phone jack
and splice the jack part off. Open it up and match the red and
green wires with the other red and green wires.
NOTE: If you just had the generator on and have done this in the
correct order, you will be a crispy critter. Keep the generator
off until you plan to start it up. Now, solder those lines to-
gether carefully. Wrap duck tape or insulation tape around all
of the wires. Now, place the remote control right on to the
startup of the generator. If you have the long pole, make sure it
is very long and stand back as far away as you can get and
reach the pole over.
NOTICE: If you are going right along with this without reading
the file first, you sill realized now that your area code is
about to become null! Then, getting back, twitch the
pole/remote control and run for your damn life. Anywhere, just
get away from it. It will be generating so much electricity that
if you stand to close you will kill yourself. The generator
will smoke, etc. but will not stop. You are now killing your
area code, because all of that energy is spreading through
all of the phone lines around you in every direction.
Have a nice day!
--------- Aftermath ---------
Well, that is the plans for the most devastating and ulti-
mately deadly box ever created. My hat goes off to: King Blotto
(for the original idea), Captain Xerox (for the suggestion about
stadiums), and Modern s}}x (for the fact I was on his BBS when
I thought of it.
The Bud Box
Revision 1.0 By: Dr. D-Code & The Pimp
Necessary Materials
* Four alligator clips
* One Telephone
* Some telephone wire
Instructions
1. Find a neighbor's house that has a little gray box on the
side. This box should have a Bell logo on it (the gay little bell
in a circle).
2. Apply pressure underneath the box and the front should
come right off.Pull the end off of the length of the telephone
wire. Then strip the ends of all the different colored wires
inside. These should be green, red, yellow and black. Attach an
alligator clip to each of the wires. Then clip the clips to the
same colors in the box. Yellow to yellow, red to red and so on.
3. Then run the wire across the street back to your house and
then plug a phone into the other end of the wire.
4. Now you can dial out and receive the neighbors calls. Great
for tapping the phones and then blackmailing them. You can also
stop phreaking because any outgoing calls will be charged to
the neighbors! Great eh?
All sysops may use these plans if they do not change them in
any way at all.
The Chartreuse Box
By:Wonko The Sane
Intro
The Chartreuse Box, so named because this is an obnoxious box
and chartreuse is an obnoxious color, is designed to take advantage of
the thousand of dollars Ma Bell pays to the electric company each day.
As you know, your telephone line is a constant power source. The chart
box is designed to allow you to tap that power source for whwtever
sicko purposes you might have in mind.
Parts
1. 1 four prong to modular phone adapter (the rectangular beige boxes
with phone line jacks at one end and four prongs out the other.)
2. 1 low power broad range rheostate.
3. some wire
4. a soldering iron
5. some electric tape
6. a 70 vlt. DC fuse (optional)
7. 1 SPST swith
Assembly
Plug the adapter into the phone line, and use a multitester to
note which posts are charged.Use a magic marker to mark the
positive and negative poles.Do this first.
Take the adapter, and turn it upside down.You should observe
that the bottom fits into the top.Use a pocket knife, small
screwdriver, battle axe etc. to remove the bottom.Don't brake
it.
Detach the two wires not connected to charged poles, and scrap 'em.
Detach the other two wires as well.Take your rheostrat,
and mount
it on the outside of the box, drilling a small hole in
the box, to
run wires through.
Run wire from the charged connections from the line jack,
through the
rheostat, to the charged poles.(see diagram.)
positive line
The Chartreuse Box,so named because this is an
o V +------+ noxious
and chartreuse is an obnoxious color, is designed to take advantage
of the thousands of
Key: # -Rheostate poles
. -Wiring path
[=] -Outside posts
Attache the fuse somewhere in the line if you feel like it. When the
phone rings 90 volts of pulsing DC power get shot down your line, and
can really fuck up whatever you have the chart box hooked up to.
Therefore, the fuse is a good idea.
You can also hook a switch up to the wiring, to give you more
over when power starts to flow.Once all the wiring is complete,
push the wires and the fuse into the casing, and reclose it. Then tape
around the side of the box, to hold the wires that come out to the
rheostat down.I highly recommend that you mark the charged posts with
a marker, so you can easily identify them.
Use
To use the chart box, hook it up to a phone line,and grab a
multitester or a voltmeter.Use the voltmeter to read off the
voltage from your chart box.You can get up to 12 volts (more if
you use a transformer) from the box, but you can use the rheostate
to calibrate the box for whatever voltage you need. Once the voltage
is set, remove the box from the line, hook your device up to the
charged poles, and plug the box back in. If you're really in a
constructive mood, build a switch into the box. Now leach Ma Bell's
precious energy to your hearts content.
Footnote
This device has other potential uses.One of the most obvious,
and least useful (at least to my view) is as a volume control
for your phone.Maybe you have an aunt that talks REAL LOUD!!!!!
Also, you can use this device to set up a feedback loop to mess
up someone else's phone line.Finally, it may be possible to use
the chart box to tone down your connection, and provide a little
background noise, so that ESS doesn't pick up on your blue boxing. This
is not a guaranteed method, but if you do it just right, you can make
the 2600 blast sneak by the ESS detection code.
Naturally, the main purpose of the chart box is to leech Ma Bell,
just like she leeches you.
Hail Discordia!
Naturally, the main purpose of the chart box is to leech Ma Bell!
---------- CHEESE BOX ----------
------------ Introduction ------------
A Cheesebox(named for the type of box the first one was found in)
is a type of box which will, in effect, make your telephone a
Pay-Phone...This is a simple,modernized, and easy way of doing it....
Inside Info: These were first used by bookies many years ago as
a way of making calls to people without being called by the
cops or having their numbers traced and/or tapped......
------ Needed ------
1 Call Forwarding service on the line
1 Set of Red Box Tones
The number to your prefix's Intercept operator(do some
scanning
for this one)
------------
How to do it ------------
After you find the number to the intercept operator in your
pre-fix, use your call-forwarding and forward all calls to
her...this will make your phone stay off the hook(actually, now
it waits for a quarter to be dropped in)...you now have a
cheese box... In
Order To Call Out On This Line:You must use your Red Box
tones and generate the quarter dropping in...then,you can make
phone calls to people...as far as I know, this is fairly safe, and
they do not check much...Although I am not sure, I think you can
even make credit-card calls from a cheesebox phone and
not get traced...
--------- CLEAR BOX ---------
------------ Introduction ------------
A new device has just been invented. It's called the "clear
box". It can be used throughout Canada and through rural United
States.
This interesting gadget works on "post-pay" payphones, in
other words, those phones that don't require payment until
after the connection has been established. You pick up the
phone, get a dial tone, and then put in your coins after the
person answers. If you don't deposit money, you can't speak to
the person at the other end, because your mouthpiece is cut
off--but not your ear-piece. (Yes, you can make free calls to
weather, etc. from such fones)
------------ How to do it ------------
In order to bypass this, all one has to do is visit a nearby
electronics store, get a 4-transistor amplifier and a
telephone suction cup induction pick-up. The induction pick-up
would be hooked up as it normally would to record a
conversation, except that it would be plugged into the OUTPUT
of the amplifier and a microphone would be hooked to the
input. So when the party answers, the caller could speak
through the little microphone in-stead. His voice would then
go through the amplifier, out the induction coil, and into the
back of the receiver where it would then be broadcast
through the phone lines and the other party would be able to
hear the caller. The clear box thus "clears" up
the problem of not being heard.
The line will not cut off after a certain amount of time--it
will wait forever for the coins to drop in.
Many independents are moving towards this kind of stupid
payphone system. For one thing, it is a cheap way of getting
DTF (Dial Tone First) service. It doesn't require any special
equipment. That type of payphone will work on any kind of a
phone line. Normally a payphone line is different, but this is
just a regular phone line and it's set up so that the payphone
does all of the charging, not the CO. With the recent
deregulation of payphones, this kind of a system could become
very popular.
-------------How to build Day-Glo Box
Written, typed, and conceptualized by John F. Kennedy
Author's note:
Yes, yes, I know that this box is similar to several other boxes,
including the so-called "Bud box," and the "beige box." Well, my
reason for writing this version is because of the fact that once
finished constructing the box, the file does not contain very
much information on usage. It is beacuse of that reason that
this file
was written. By the way, call Ground 0 at 988-4426. Thank you.
What is the function of a Day-Glo box?
Well, a Day-glo box will let you place calls for free with no
time limit, no possibility of a wiretap, and the calls can be
placed from anywhere in the world. Too good to be true, you
say? Well, read on.
How does a Day-glo box work?
A day-glo box is very easy to make, and very inexpensive to
build. It works like this: On the outside of every home that has
a phone, there is something called "the outside connection box,"
which is where the house is connected to Ma Bell's network.
This ingenious device connects to a) your phone, b) the victim's
outside box. You should be starting to get the idea.
How do I construct a day-glo box?
Materials necessary:
1. Radio Shack modular conversion jack
2. A small experimenter's box (optional)
3. 1 foot of red wire. (better to overkill)
4. 1 foot of green wire. (same as above)
5. 2 medium alligator clips
Well, in order to construct this box, you will need all of the
above materials. Note that your wire does not necessarily have
to be red or green, but it is necessary that you be able to tell
them apart. Also, you might want to use thick, easily bent wire
(audio hookup wire works best) instead of bell wire. Now, on to
the construction.
1. Remove the actual modular jack from the conversion box.
This can be done by pushing inward and then up, or you can just
cut the plastic.
2. Remove the black and yellow wires from the jack. You can
either clip these or rip them out.
3. To your newly isolated jack, add the 1 foot wire extensions
to the respective wires. Soldering and then wrapping the
connections with electrical tape works best.
4. Next, solder the alligator clips to the extended wires. If
you do not wish to solder them, then just wrap the clips with
the wire.
5. Now, place this newly made contraption into a box
(optional).
You may need to drill a few holes, and possibly remove the
alligator clips, but you should have read this file first, anyway.
Wiring Diagram
Modular
---------------Red-----+----Extension wire--------- | | <--Red Wire
() () | |
| |
\/\/\/ /\/\/\
Hints:
\/\/\/- Green wire Alligator clip
/\/\/\- Red Wire Alligator Clip
Using Your newly made device:
Now that you have made or created your little Razz Box then
you are ready to go outside and do your stuff. First go to a
neighbor's house and find the black telephone wires.
They should look like Example #1.
Then cut off a bit of the plastic covering so the alligator clips
go in easier and you now stick the alligator clips one on the
right and one on the left side of the plastic wire as shown on
the diagram. The Black plastic wire should look like the
diagram. You should get a dialtone. If you do not then switch the
alligator clips around till you do. Remember your neighbors can
hear you as well so get one of the phones with the MUTE option
so you can plug into theres quietly.
| || |
| || |
| || | <<<----black wire
| || |
\/\/\/||/\/\/\ <<<---alligator clips.
| || |
| || |
Disclaimer:
I as writer of this file take no responsibility at all (And I
repeat NO RESPONSIBILITY) of this file. This File is ONLY for
informational purposes ONLY.
If you have any question, suggestion, or correction, you can
contact The Razz or me, The Magnet, at any of the boards listed
at the end of this file.
---------- SILVER BOX ----------
------- History -------
Well, now that I have you hare, I might as well bore you with a
little history of the Silver Boxes. One day, some engineer over
at Bell Labs got the bright idea to sing to his computer...and
found out that the computer responded by dialing a phone
number. Well, sort of. Anyway, the 10 digit (old style with the
# and * left out) was born.
Lo and behold, though, two sets of people decided that 10 (or
12) buttons just weren't enough...they needed more. The two
people of whom I am speaking of are of course MA BELL and PA
AUTOVON (The Military Phone Network). So, MA decided to add
an extra column to her phones, this one merging the standard
row tones with a 1633 HZ tone (to provide the mystical DTMF).
Bell named these buttons A,B,C and D (aren't you glad we have
such imaginative friends at our Bull System?), while the
Army named them FLASH OVERRIDE, FLASH, INTERRUPT AND
PRIORITY. These are used to request varying degrees of
priority during wartime (and wargame) activities so that
generals can call their secretaries very quickly. Bell's use of
ABC and D is not so clear.
However, the last button (D) has an interesting property...on
about 50% of the information lines in the country, it will give
you a pulsing dial tone. You can then enter commands that
what appear to be a test system for the 4A switching boxes.
Anyway, the modification...
--------- Materials ---------
Soldering Iron Solder Some 22 ga.wire 1 SPDT switch
a screwdriver
------------ Construction ------------
1) Unscrew your phone (must be a touch tone, desk type)
2) Remove the mounted pad and take the clear plastic cover
from the bottom.
3) Hold the pad with the numbers 0, *, # facing you, and turn it
upside down, so you can see the yellow pc board.
4) You should see 2 black round doughnuts.
5) Position the board so the solder points for the left doughnut
face you.
6) Count over four points from the left, and attach a (green)
wire to that point.
7) Between you and the doughnuts, there should be 2 long
yellow capacitors. To the right of these, and on the edge of
the board there should be 3 gold contacts. We will use the one
on the left.
8) The contact originally is spot welded, so snip it open.
9) To the one nearest you, attach a (red) wire to the other one,
a (yellow) wire.
10) Run the wires out of the phone, and solder the switch.
11) The orientation should be (red) to center. The switch will
now alternate between normal and 1633hz fourth column tones.
The silver box transforms keys 3,6,9,# to A,B,C,D.
Those tones stand for:
A - Flash
B - Flash override (priority)
C - Priority communication
D - Priority override (top military)
----- Usage -----
Those keys only work on certain networks. Now what do you
do with those extra tones? Call any long distance directory by
dial-ing (area code) 555-1212 and while it rings press the #
key then as the operator answers you will disconnect them
instantly and hear a pulsing tone, press 6 (normal tone and it
will stop. Then, if another person does the same thing on
another line and then presses 7 you should have a voice link.
414 A/C is good for one that. You can screw around with the
tones and see what you get.
Note: You will not receive a pulsing tone until the operator ac-
tually picks up on the line. If you hear ringing on the back-
ground, keep pressing. The tone must be on at the same time
the operator gives her "beep".
If you hear her cursing at stupid people with stuck buttons,
chances are this one won't work...try out of the way states like
Montana, Wyoming, etc.
Happy phreaking...
---------- STATIC BOX ----------
By: The Usurper and The Raver
------------ Introduction ------------
We were looming at the Aqua Box plans and we saw something
about static on long-distance calls in the file. It said that you
get static because the voltage is not getting regulated very
well. So why not have a box that keeps the voltage regulated
so that you can avoid static? This would be very useful when
calling a BBS with an extender that flakes-out and gives you
garbage on the screen. So here it is...
--------- Materials ---------
1. (2) Size 'AA' Batteries, and holder (You could use a
adapter, so you won't have to buy batteries...ex. A 3,6,9,12
volt adapter in one!)
2. (1) Two fone line connector (Has two plugs from one)
3. (1) Modular plug w/6 inches of colored wire connected.
4. 2 feet of telephone wire
5. (1) 100k Resistor
6. Soldering Iron
7. Solder.....get all of this at Radio Shack of course!
----------
Schemantic
----------
__________ Two-way
Static box -> | Plug 1 \ plug
|___________\
Telephone -> | Plug 2 |__\__
|_________|_____|
+-------------Green-wire F/plug--+__\__
|_____|
+-----|-----\/\/\----Red-wire F/plug---+
| | 100k Modular plug
- + resistor
+-| |---| |-+
| +---+---+ |
| | - | + | |
| | t |1.5| |
| | l | V | |
| | o | o | | <- I reccomend 3 volts
| | V | l | | for most connections.
| |1.5| t | |
| +---+---| |
+-----------+
Have your phone connected to one of the plugs, then if you
want to use the Static box plug it into the other one and put the
bat-teries in the case. That will remove static. This will be
use-ful in using 2400 baud on an extender (because of shitty
lines). You may want to make the voltage 9 volts, with a 9 volt
battery holder. What the hell, make two, one for 3 volts
(Normal stuff), and one for 9 volts (Special connections like
2400 baud on a ex-tender). Be sure not to leave it hooked up,
because it may make your phone act funny, and people may not
get calls through! You could use even a bigger voltage, an use
it as "Lock 'n Trace", and make some asshole squirm!
-------- TRON BOX --------
------------ Introduction ------------
The Tron Box works when the electrical load in your house is
low, like at night... It reverses the phase on the line, canceling
out the opposite phase.
The voltage and frequency remain the same, so everything
operates as normal, just with a reverse phase. The reverse
phase, in ef-fect will cause the electric meter to run slower,
and at a very low consumption times, even backwards...
But remember to turn the thing off once and a while, and don't
leave it on while in Hawaii... or you'll be getting a 'Visit'...
--------- Materials ---------
3 - .47UF Electrolytic Capacitators rated at a minimum of 50V
1 - 1/2 Watt resistor, 20-30 ohm (Radio Shack 271-005) 1
- 120 volt fuse or circuit breaker, Amp rating - 1/2 total
house current or less to protect your circuit breaker (RS 270-
1310 2A Circuit breaker)
- if it keeps blowing, use higher amp. 1 - 120 volt SPST
switch, rated at total house current (RS 275-324) 1 - Power
cord - a cut off extension cord, with plug and wire 1 - Spool
of at least 20 ga. stranded wire or cut up power cord for
house current (RS 278-1304 or 278-1305) 1 - PC-board
(optional) (RS 270-291, includes box, below) 1 - Insulated
Electrical Box
+---+---+------///----<->---+
! ! ! !
! ! ! +--A/C
(=) (=) (=)
! ! ! +--Source
! ! ! !
+---+---+---------[/]-------+
(=) Capacitators // Resistor
<-> Fuse [/] Switch
----- Usage -----
Wire the circuit as shown in the diagram, with the three
capacit-ators in parallel, using wire capable to handle 120
volts - at least 20 ga. stranded or solid (if you can work with
it). Put the resistor, fuse, and switch into the circuit
serieswise. Secure project into the insulated box, connect the
power cord to the leads and plug into an A/C source. Set the
switch to on...
Have phun...
---------- VIOLET BOX ----------
------------
Introduction
------------
Picture the scene ..... a payphone in a rural or suburban area,
where all the telephone wires are overhead ..... next to the
phone box is a telegraph pole with only one wire going down
it
..... no prizes for guessing where it goes to. It might at first
sight look like a prime site for beige boxing. However, there are
obvious disadvantages to beige boxing here, like getting
caught ..... thus, the violet box was created. Basically it is a
way of emulating some beige box functions without the actual
beige box, but it does have the same requirement of needing
physical access to the line.
*WARNING* The person on the other end may very well twig you
are using this device. Only phone people you can trust.
-------------- How to make it
--------------
Get a 470 ohm resistor and a pair of crocodile clips. Connect a
crocodile clip to each end of the resistor. That's it. I was go-
ing to call this the "yellow, violet and brown box" but I decided
that name was too long, so I'll stick to just violet, because it
sounds nice.
------------- How to use it
-------------
First, you need a beige boxing point that is not too far from the
phone. Clip one leg of the resistor on, leave the other end for
the time being. Lift the handset, put in your money and key the
number. As soon as it starts ringing out, it's action stations!
Clip the other side of the resistor on and dash back to the
phone. Depress the receiver rest for a few seconds, then let go.
The person on the other end might have answered while you
were doing this, let's just hope they didnd't hang up .....
anyway, you're now ready to talk. BUT every few minutes the
phone will go 'dead' for a few seconds ..... it won't cut you off
though.
------------ How it works
------------
When a phone is on the hook it has a high resistance to DC and
so hardly any current flows through it. (but it has a low
resistance to AC because AC is what makes the bell ring.) When
it is lifted, it has quite a low resistance, actually about 600
ohms. The 470 ohm resistor connected across the line fools the
exchange into thinking the handset was up the whole time. It
has to be discon-nected for dialling, because pulse dialling
(which is the only sort that works from payphones) works by
opening and closing the circuit to stop and start the flow of
current, so if the resistor was connected there the current
would never stop flowing, and no dialling pulses would be sent.
When you connect the resistor, the exchange just thinks there
are 2 phones on the line, it can han-dle up to 4 so it's no
problem. Then you hang up the payphone, now the exchange
thinks there is just one phone; when you lift the receiver again,
the payphone is sitting across a line with something already
happening, so it just lets you listen to this. Of course, after a
while it decides it's had enough of that, and tries to cut you
off. But it doesn't manage it, because the resistor is keeping
the line in use. The phone may be able to ring the exchange
and report the "fault" but it can't even do that until after you
have disconnected the resistor and made a getaway .....
--------------- Alternative use
---------------
If you also have a beige box, and access to an enemy's phone
wir-
ing outside the house (eg. the wires from a telegraph pole) you
might like to try this use for the violet box ..... this can
SERIOUSLY do people over ..... beige box from their line to any-
thing, but the more expensive and embarrassing the service,
the better ..... Australian kinky sex lines? the mind boggles .....
anyway, stick the violet box on, disconnect the beige box and
run like hell.
---------- YELLOW BOX ----------
By CAPTAIN HOOK
--------- Materials ---------
1) A telephone line showing up in the wall.You can find the
opening behind all those round plates AT&T puts in when they
disconnect or begin to put a phone in.
2) 1 Modular jack
3) 1 Screwdriver
4) 1 Human being who knows what the hell their doing!!!!
(in other words an IQ of 3 or so will do)
----------- Preperation -----------
1) Open the plate to expose the wire running through the wall
or you can remove an old jack to find the wire. ( Note: it must
be a complete wire not an end as is used for the setup of a
normal phone)
2) Cut the wire in half. Now check your other phones
(Note: I had 2 other phones so one works the other won't)
3) Now splice up the 2 ends of the wire you just cut.
You will find 4 or 6 color coded wires on each end.
4) Splice up each smaller wire so as the metal is exposed.
5) Next now this is the hard part look at the jack at match the
colors.
6) Each screw will now have 2 of each color wire on it.
7) Plug in the phone. You're done.
The Official Phreaker's Manual
***** The AAG Proudly Presents The AAG Proudly Presents *****
* +----------------------------------------------+ *
* *
* Secrets of the Little Blue Box *
* *
* by Ron Rosenbaum *
* Typed by One Farad Cap/AAG *
* *
* -A story so incredible it may even make you *
* feel sorry for the phone company- *
* *
* *
* +----------------------------------------------+ *
* *
***** The AAG Proudly Presents The AAG Proudly Presents *****
-A story so incredible it may even make you feel sorry for the
phone company- Printed in the October 1971 issue of Esquire
Magazine. If you happen to be in a library and come across a
collection of Esquire magazines, the October 1971 issue is the
first issue printed in the smaller format. The story begins on
page 116 with a picture of a blue box. --One Farad Cap, Atlantic
Anarchist Guild The Blue Box Is Introduced: Its Qualities Are
Remarked
I am in the expensively furnished living room of Al Gilbertson
(His real name has been changed.), the creator of the "blue box."
Gilbertson is holding one of his shiny black-and-silver "blue
boxes" comfortably in the palm of his hand, pointing out the
thirteen little red push buttons sticking up from the console.
He is dancing his fingers over the buttons, tapping out
discordant beeping electronic jingles. He is trying to explain to
me how his little blue box does nothing less than place the
entire telephone system of the world, satellites, cables and all,
at the service of the blue-box operator, free of charge. "That's
what it does. Essentially it gives you the power of a super
operator. You seize a tandem with this top button," he presses
the top button with his index finger and the blue box emits a
high-pitched cheep, "and like that" -- cheep goes the blue box
again -- "you control the phone company's long-distance
switching systems from your cute little Princes phone or any
old pay phone. And you've got anonymity. An operator has to
operate from a definite location:
the phone company knows where she is and what she's doing.
But with your beeper box, once you hop onto a trunk, say from a
Holiday Inn 800 (toll-free) number, they don't know where you
are, or where you're coming from, they don't know how you
slipped into their lines and popped up in that 800 number. They
don't even know anything illegal is going on. And you can
obscure your origins through as many levels as you like. You can
call next door by way of White Plains, then over to Liverpool by
cable, and then back here by satellite. You can call yourself
from one pay phone all the way around the world to a pay phone
next to you. And you get your dime back too." "And they can't
trace the calls? They can't charge you?"
"Not if you do it the right way. But you'll find that the free-call
thing isn't really as exciting at first as the feeling of power
you get from having one of these babies in your hand. I've
watched people when they first get hold of one of these things
and start using it, and discover they can make connections, set
up crisscross and zigzag switching patterns back and forth
across the world. They hardly talk to the people they finally
reach. They say hello and start thinking of what kind of call to
make next. They go a little crazy." He looks down at the neat
little package in his palm. His fingers are still dancing, tapping
out beeper patterns. "I think it's something to do with how
small my models are. There are lots of blue boxes around, but
mine are the smallest and most sophisticated electronically.
I wish I could show you the prototype we made for our big
syndicate order." He sighs. "We had this order for a thousand
beeper boxes from a syndicate front man in Las Vegas. They use
them to place bets coast to coast, keep lines open for hours, all
of which can get expensive if you have to pay. The deal was a
thousand blue boxes for $300 apiece. Before then we retailed
them for $1500 apiece, but $300,000 in one lump was hard to
turn down. We had a manufacturing deal worked out in the
Philippines. Everything ready to go. Anyway, the model I had
ready for limited mass production was small enough to fit
inside a flip-top Marlboro box. It had flush touch panels for a
keyboard, rather than these unsightly buttons, sticking out.
Looked just like a tiny portable radio.
In fact, I had designed it with a tiny transistor receiver to get
one AM channel, so in case the law became suspicious the
owner could switch on the radio part, start snapping his
fingers, and no one could tell anything illegal was going on. I
thought of everything for this model -- I had it lined with a
band of thermite which could be ignited by radio signal from a
tiny button transmitter on your belt, so it could be burned to
ashes instantly in case of a bust. It was beautiful. A beautiful
little machine. You should have seen the faces on these
syndicate guys when they came back after trying it out. They'd
hold it in their palm like they never wanted to let it go, and
they'd say, 'I can't believe it. I can't believe it.' You probably
won't believe it until you try it."
The Blue Box Is Tested: Certain Connections Are Made
About eleven o'clock two nights later Fraser Lucey has a blue
box in the palm of his left hand and a phone in the palm of his
right. He is standing inside a phone booth next to an isolated
shut-down motel off Highway 1.
I am standing outside the phone booth. Fraser likes to show off
his blue box for people. Until a few weeks ago when Pacific
Telephone made a few arrests in his city, Fraser Lucey liked to
bring his blue box (This particular blue box, like most blue
boxes, is not blue. Blue boxes have come to be called "blue
boxes" either because
1) The first blue box ever confiscated by phone-company
security men happened to be blue, or
2) To distinguish them from "black boxes." Black boxes are
devices, usually a resistor in series, which, when attached to
home phones, allow all incoming calls to be made without
charge to one's caller.) to parties. It never failed: a few cheeps
from his device and Fraser became the center of attention at
the very hippest of gatherings, playing phone tricks and doing
request numbers for hours. He began to take orders for his
manufacturer in Mexico. He became a dealer.
Fraser is cautious now about where he shows off his blue box.
But he never gets tired of playing with it. "It's like the first
time every time," he tells me. Fraser puts a dime in the slot. He
listens for a tone and holds the receiver up to my ear. I hear the
tone. Fraser begins describing, with a certain practiced air,
what he does while he does it. "I'm dialing an 800 number now.
Any 800 number will do. It's toll free. Tonight I think I'll use
the ----- (he names a well-know rent-a-car company) 800
number. Listen, It's ringing. Here, you hear it? Now watch." He
places the blue box over the mouthpiece of the phone so that
the one silver and twelve black push buttons are facing up
toward me. He presses the silver button -- the one at the top --
and I hear that high-pitched beep. "That's 2600 cycles per
second to be exact," says Lucey. "Now, quick. listen." He shoves
the earpiece at me. The ringing has vanished.
The line gives a slight hiccough, there is a sharp buzz, and then
nothing but soft white noise. "We're home free now," Lucey tells
me, taking back the phone and applying the blue box to its
mouthpiece once again. "We're up on a tandem, into a long-lines
trunk. Once you're up on a tandem, you can send yourself
anywhere you want to go." He decides to check out London first.
He chooses a certain pay phone located in Waterloo Station.
This particular pay phone is popular with the phone-phreaks
network because there are usually people walking by at all
hours who will pick it up and talk for a while. of the box.
"That's Key Pulse. It tells the tandem we're ready to give it
instructions. First I'll punch out KP 182 START, which will
slide us into the overseas sender in White Plains." I hear a neat
clunk-cheep.
"I think we'll head over to England by satellite. Cable is
actually faster and the connection is somewhat better, but I
like going by satellite. So I just punch out KP Zero 44. The Zero
is supposed to guarantee a satellite connection and 44 is the
country code for England. Okay... we're there. In Liverpool
actually. Now all I have to do is punch out the London area code
which is 1, and dial up the pay phone. Here, listen, I've got a
ring now." I hear the soft quick purr-purr of a London ring. Then
someone picks up the phone.
"Hello," says the London voice.
"Hello. Who's this?" Fraser asks.
"Hello. There's actually nobody here. I just picked this up while
I was passing by. This is a public phone. There's no one here to
answer actually."
"Hello. Don't hang up. I'm calling from the United States.",
"Oh. What is the purpose of the call? This is a public phone you
know." "Oh. You know. To check out, uh, to find out what's going
on in London. How is it there?"
"Its five o'clock in the morning. It's raining now."
"Oh. Who are you?"
The London passerby turns out to be an R.A.F. enlistee on his
way back to the base in Lincolnshire, with a terrible hangover
after a thirty-six-hour pass.
He and Fraser talk about the rain. They agree that it's nicer
when it's not raining. They say good-bye and Fraser hangs up.
His dime returns with a nice clink.
"Isn't that far out," he says grinning at me. "London, like that."
Fraser squeezes the little blue box affectionately in his palm.
"I told ya this thing is for real. Listen, if you don't mind I'm
gonna try this girl I know in Paris. I usually give her a call
around this time. It freaks her out. This time I'll use the ------
(a different rent-a-car company) 800 number and we'll go by
overseas cable, 133; 33 is the country code for France, the 1
sends you by cable. Okay, here we go.... Oh damn. Busy. Who could
she be talking to at this time?"
A state police car cruises slowly by the motel. The car does not
stop, but Fraser gets nervous. We hop back into his car and
drive
ten miles in the opposite direction until we reach a Texaco
station locked up for the night. We pull up to a phone booth by
the tire pump. Fraser dashes inside and tries the Paris number.
It is busy again.
"I don't understand who she could be talking to. The circuits
may be busy. It's too bad I haven't learned how to tap into lines
overseas with this thing yet."
Fraser begins to phreak around, as the phone phreaks say. He
dials a leading nationwide charge card's 800 number and
punches out the tones that bring him the time recording in
Sydney, Australia. He beeps up the weather recording in Rome,
in Italian of course. He calls a friend in Boston and talks about
a certain over-the-counter stock they are into heavily. He finds
the Paris number busy again. He calls up "Dial a Disc" in London,
and we listen to Double Barrel by David and Ansil Collins, the
number-one hit of the week in London. He calls up a dealer of
another sort and talks in code. He calls up Joe Engressia, the
original blind phone-phreak genius, and pays his respects. There
are other calls. Finally Fraser gets through to his young lady in
Paris.
They both agree the circuits must have been busy, and criticize
the Paris telephone system. At two-thirty in the morning
Fraser hangs up, pockets his dime, and drives off, steering with
one hand, holding what he calls his "lovely little blue box" in
the other.
You Can Call Long Distance For Less Than You Think
"You see, a few years ago the phone company made one big
mistake," Gilbertson explains two days later in his apartment.
"They were careless enough to let some technical journal
publish the actual frequencies used to create all their multi-
frequency tones. Just a theoretical article some Bell Telephone
Laboratories engineer was doing about switching theory, and he
listed the tones in passing.
At ----- (a well-known technical school) I had been fooling
around with phones for several years before I came across a
copy of the journal in the engineering library. I ran back to the
lab and it took maybe twelve hours from the time I saw that
article to put together the first working blue box. It was bigger
and clumsier than this little baby, but it worked."
It's all there on public record in that technical journal written
mainly by Bell Lab people for other telephone engineers. Or at
least it was public. "Just try and get a copy of that issue at
some engineering-school library now. Bell has had them all red-
tagged and withdrawn from circulation," Gilbertson tells me.
"But it's too late. It's all public now. And once they became
public the technology needed to create your own beeper device
is within the range of any twelve-year-old kid, any twelve-
year-old blind kid as a matter of fact. And he can do it in less
than the twelve hours it took us. Blind kids do it all the time.
They can't build anything as precise and compact as my beeper
box, but theirs can do anything mine can do."
"How?"
"Okay. About twenty years ago A.T.&T. made a multi-billion-
dollar decision to operate its entire long-distance switching
system on twelve electronically generated combinations of
twelve master tones. Those are the tones you sometimes hear
in the background after you've dialed a long-distance number.
They decided to use some very simple tones -- the tone for
each number is just two fixed single-
frequency tones played simultaneously to create a certain beat
frequency. Like 1300 cycles per second and 900 cycles per
second played together give you the tone for digit 5. Now, what
some of these phone phreaks have done is get themselves
access to an electric organ. Any cheap family home-
entertainment organ. Since the frequencies are public
knowledge now -- one blind phone phreak has even had them
recorded in one of the talking books for the blind --they just
have to find the musical notes on the organ which correspond to
the phone tones. Then they tape them. For instance, to get Ma
Bell's tone for the number 1, you press down organ keys FD5 and
AD5 (900 and 700 cycles per second) at the same time. To
produce the tone for 2 it's FD5 and CD6 (1100 and 700 c.p.s).
The phone phreaks circulate the whole list of notes so there's
no trial and error anymore."
He shows me a list of the rest of the phone numbers and the
two electric organ keys that produce them.
"Actually, you have to record these notes at 3 3/4 inches-per-
second tape speed and double it to 7 1/2 inches-per-second
when you play them back, to get the proper tones," he adds.
"So once you have all the tones recorded, how do you plug them
into the phone system?"
"Well, they take their organ and their cassette recorder, and
start banging out entire phone numbers in tones on the organ,
including country codes, routing instructions, 'KP' and 'Start'
tones. Or, if they don't have an organ, someone in the phone-
phreak network sends them a cassette with all the tones
recorded, with a voice saying 'Number one,' then you have the
tone, 'Number two,' then the tone and so on. So with two
cassette recorders they can put together a series of phone
numbers by switching back and forth from number to number.
Any idiot in the country with a cheap cassette recorder can
make all the free calls he wants."
"You mean you just hold the cassette recorder up the
mouthpiece and switch in a series of beeps you've recorded?
The phone thinks that anything that makes these tones must be
its own equipment?"
"Right. As long as you get the frequency within thirty cycles
per second of the phone company's tones, the phone equipment
thinks it hears its own voice talking to it. The original
granddaddy phone phreak was this blind kid with perfect pitch,
Joe Engressia, who used to whistle into the phone. An operator
could tell the difference between his whistle and the phone
company's electronic tone generator, but the phone company's
switching circuit can't tell them apart. The bigger the phone
company gets and the further away from human operators it
gets, the more vulnerable it becomes to all sorts of phone
phreaking."
A Guide for the Perplexed
"But wait a minute," I stop Gilbertson. "If everything you do
sounds like phone-company equipment, why doesn't the phone
company charge you for the call the way it charges its own
equipment?"
"Okay. That's where the 2600-cycle tone comes in. I better
start from the beginning."
The beginning he describes for me is a vision of the phone
system of the continent as thousands of webs, of long-line
trunks radiating from each of the hundreds of toll switching
offices to the other toll switching offices. Each toll switching
office is a hive compacted of thousands of long-distance
tandems constantly whistling and beeping to tandems in far-off
toll switching offices. The tandem is the key to the whole
system. Each tandem is a line with some relays wih the
capability of signalling any other tandem in any other toll
switching office on the continent, either directly one-to-one or
by programming a roundabout route through several other
tandems if all the direct routes are busy. For instance, if you
want to call from New York to Los Angeles and traffic is heavy
on all direct trunks between the two cities, your tandem in New
York is programmed to try the next best route, which may send
you down to a tandem in New Orleans, then up to San Francisco,
or down to a New Orleans tandem, back to an Atlanta tandem,
over to an Albuquerque tandem and finally up to Los Angeles.
When a tandem is not being used, when it's sitting there
waiting for someone to make a long-distance call, it whistles.
One side of the tandem, the side "facing" your home phone,
whistles at 2600 cycles per second toward all the home phones
serviced by the exchange, telling them it is at their service,
should they be interested in making a long-distance call. The
other side of the tandem is whistling 2600 c.p.s. into one or
more long-distance trunk lines, telling the rest of the phone
system that it is neither sending nor receiving a call through
that trunk at the moment, that it has no use for that trunk at
the moment.
"When you dial a long-distance number the first thing that
happens is that you are hooked into a tandem. A register comes
up to the side of the tandem facing away from you and presents
that side with the number you dialed. This sending side of the
tandem stops whistling 2600 into its trunk line. When a tandem
stops the 2600 tone it has been sending through a trunk, the
trunk is said to be "seized," and is now ready to carry the
number you have dialed -- converted into multi-frequency beep
tones -- to a tandem in the area code and central office you
want.
Now when a blue-box operator wants to make a call from New
Orleans to New York he starts by dialing the 800 number of a
company which might happen to have its headquarters in Los
Angeles. The sending side of the New Orleans tandem stops
sending 2600 out over the trunk to the central office in Los
Angeles, thereby seizing the trunk. Your New Orleans tandem
begins sending beep tones to a tandem it has discovered idly
whistling 2600 cycles in Los Angeles. The receiving end of that
L.A. tandem is seized, stops whistling 2600, listens to the beep
tones which tell it which L.A. phone to ring, and starts ringing
the 800 number. Meanwhile a mark made in the New Orleans
office accounting tape notes that a call from your New Orleans
phone to the 800 number in L.A. has been initiated and gives the
call a code number. Everything is routine so far. But then the
phone phreak presses his blue box to the mouthpiece and pushes
the over the line again and assumes that New Orleans has hung
up because the trunk is whistling as if idle. The L.A. tandem
immediately ceases ringing the L.A. 800 number. But as soon as
the phreak takes his finger off the 2600 button, the L.A. tandem
assumes the trunk is once again being used because the 2600 is
gone, so it listens for a new series of digit tones - to find out
where it must send the call.
Thus the blue-box operator in New Orleans now is in touch with
a tandem in L.A. which is waiting like an obedient genie to be
told what to do next. The blue-box owner then beeps out the ten
digits of the New York number which tell the L.A. tandem to
relay a call to New York City. Which it promptly does. As soon
as your party picks up the phone in New York, the side of the
New Orleans tandem facing you stops sending 2600 cycles to
you and stars carrying his voice to you by way of the L.A.
tandem. A notation is made on the accounting tape that the
connection has been made on the 800 call which had been
initiated and noted earlier. When you stop talking to New York a
notation is made that the 800 call has ended.
At three the next morning, when the phone company's
accounting computer starts reading back over the master
accounting tape for the past day, it records that a call of a
certain length of time was made from your New Orleans home
to an L.A. 800 number and, of course, the accounting computer
has been trained to ignore those toll-free 800 calls when
compiling your monthly bill.
"All they can prove is that you made an 800 toll-free call,"
Gilbertson the inventor concludes. "Of course, if you're foolish
enough to talk for two hours on an 800 call, and they've
installed one of their special anti-fraud computer programs to
watch out for such things, they may spot you and ask why you
took two hours talking to Army Recruiting's 800 number when
you're 4-F.
But if you do it from a pay phone, they may discover something
peculiar the next day -- if they've got a blue-box hunting
program in their computer --but you'll be a long time gone from
the pay phone by then. Using a pay phone is almost guaranteed
safe."
"What about the recent series of blue-box arrests all across the
country --New York, Cleveland, and so on?" I asked. "How were
they caught so easily?" "From what I can tell, they made one big
mistake: they were seizing trunks using an area code plus 555-
1212 instead of an 800 number. Using 555 is easy to detect
because when you send multi-frequency beep tones of 555 you
get a charge for it on your tape and the accounting computer
knows there's something wrong when it tries to bill you for a
two-hour call to Akron, Ohio, information, and it drops a
trouble card which goes right into the hands of the security
agent if they're looking for blue-box user.
"Whoever sold those guys their blue boxes didn't tell them how
to use them properly, which is fairly irresponsible. And they
were fairly stupid to use them at home all the time.
"But what those arrests really mean is than an awful lot of blue
boxes are flooding into the country and that people are finding
them so easy to make that they know how to make them before
they know how to use them. Ma Bell is in trouble."
And if a blue-box operator or a cassette-recorder phone phreak
sticks to pay phones and 800 numbers, the phone company can't
stop them?
"Not unless they change their entire nationwide long-lines
technology, which will take them a few billion dollars and
twenty years. Right now they can't do a thing. They're screwed."
Captain Crunch Demonstrates His Famous Unit
There is an underground telephone network in this country.
Gilbertson discovered it the very day news of his activities hit
the papers. That evening his phone began ringing. Phone phreaks
from Seattle, from Florida, from New York, from San Jose, and
from Los Angeles began calling him and telling him about the
phone-phreak network. He'd get a call from a phone phreak
who'd say nothing but,
"Hang up and call this number."
When he dialed the number he'd find himself tied into a
conference of a dozen phone phreaks arranged through a quirky
switching station in British Columbia. They identified
themselves as phone phreaks, they demonstrated their
homemade blue boxes which they called "M-Fers" (for "multi-
frequency," among other things) for him, they talked shop about
phone-phreak devices. They let him in on their secrets on the
theory that if the phone company was after him he must be
trustworthy. And, Gilbertson recalls, they stunned him with
their technical sophistication.
I ask him how to get in touch with the phone-phreak network.
He digs around through a file of old schematics and comes up
with about a dozen numbers in three widely separated area
codes.
"Those are the centers," he tells me. Alongside some of the
numbers he writes in first names or nicknames: names like
Captain Crunch, Dr. No, Frank Carson (also a code word for a
free call), Marty Freeman (code word for M-F device), Peter
Perpendicular Pimple, Alefnull, and The Cheshire Cat. He makes
checks alongside the names of those among these top twelve
who are blind. There are five checks.
I ask him who this Captain Crunch person is.
"Oh. The Captain. He's probably the most legendary phone phreak.
He calls himself Captain Crunch after the notorious Cap'n
Crunch 2600 whistle."
(Several years ago, Gilbertson explains, the makers of Cap'n
Crunch breakfast cereal offered a toy-whistle prize in every
box as a treat for the Cap'n Crunch set. Somehow a phone phreak
discovered that the toy whistle just happened to produce a
perfect 2600-cycle tone. When the man who calls himself
Captain Crunch was transferred overseas to England with his
Air Force unit, he would receive scores of calls from his
friends and "mute" them -- make them free of charge to them
-- by blowing his Cap'n Crunch whistle into his end.)
"Captain Crunch is one of the older phone phreaks," Gilbertson
tells me. "He's an engineer who once got in a little trouble for
fooling around with the phone, but he can't stop. Well, they guy
drives across country in a Volkswagen van with an entire
switchboard and a computerized super-sophisticated M-F-er in
the back. He'll pull up to a phone booth on a lonely highway
somewhere, snake a cable out of his bus, hook it onto the phone
and sit for hours, days sometimes, sending calls zipping back
and forth across the country, all over the world...."
Back at my motel, I dialed the number he gave me for "Captain
Crunch" and asked for G---- T-----, his real name, or at least
the name he uses when he's not dashing into a phone booth
beeping out M-F tones faster than a speeding bullet and zipping
phantomlike through the phone company's long-distance lines.
When G---- T----- answered the phone and I told him I was
preparing a story for Esquire about phone phreaks, he became
very indignant.
"I don't do that. I don't do that anymore at all. And if I do it, I do
it for one reason and one reason only. I'm learning about a
system. The phone company is a System. A computer is a
System, do you understand? If I do what I do, it is only to
explore a system. Computers, systems, that's my bag. The phone
company is nothing but a computer."
A tone of tightly restrained excitement enters the Captain's
voice when he starts talking about systems. He begins to
pronounce each syllable with the hushed deliberation of an
obscene caller.
"Ma Bell is a system I want to explore. It's a beautiful system,
you know, but Ma Bell screwed up. It's terrible because Ma Bell
is such a beautiful system, but she screwed up. I learned how
she screwed up from a couple of blind kids who wanted me to
build a device. A certain device. They said it could make free
calls. I wasn't interested in free calls. But when these blind
kids told me I could make calls into a computer, my eyes lit up.
I wanted to learn about computers. I wanted to learn about Ma
Bell's computers. So I build the little device, but I built it
wrong and Ma Bell found out. Ma Bell can detect things like that.
Ma Bell knows. So I'm strictly rid of it now. I don't do it. Except
for learning purposes." He pauses. "So you want to write an
article. Are you paying for this call? Hang up and call this
number." He gives me a number in a area code a thousand miles
away of his own. I dial the number. "Hello again. This is Captain
Crunch. You are speaking to me on a toll-free loop-around in
Portland, Oregon. Do you know what a toll-free loop around is?
I'll tell you.
He explains to me that almost every exchange in the country
has open test numbers which allow other exchanges to test
their connections with it. Most of these numbers occur in
consecutive pairs, such as 302 956-0041 and 302 956-0042.
Well, certain phone phreaks discovered that if two people from
anywhere in the country dial the two consecutive numbers they
can talk together just as if one had called the other's number,
with no charge to either of them, of course.
"Now our voice is looping around in a 4A switching machine up
there in Canada, zipping back down to me," the Captain tells me.
"My voice is looping around up there and back down to you. And
it can't ever cost anyone money. The phone phreaks and I have
compiled a list of many many of these numbers. You would be
surprised if you saw the list. I could show it to you. But I won't.
I'm out of that now. I'm not out to screw Ma Bell. I know better.
If I do anything it's for the pure knowledge of the System. You
can learn to do fantastic things. Have you ever heard eight
tandems stacked up? Do you know the sound of tandems
stacking and unstacking? Give me your phone number.
Okay. Hang up now and wait a minute."
Slightly less than a minute later the phone rang and the Captain
was on the line, his voice sounding far more excited, almost
aroused. "I wanted to show you what it's like to stack up
tandems. To stack up tandems." (Whenever the Captain says
"stack up" it sounds as if he is licking his lips.)
"How do you like the connection you're on now?" the Captain
asks me. "It's a raw tandem. A raw tandem. Ain't nothin' up to it
but a tandem. Now I'm going to show you what it's like to stack
up. Blow off. Land in a far away place. To stack that tandem up,
whip back and forth across the country a few times, then shoot
on up to Moscow.
"Listen," Captain Crunch continues. "Listen. I've got line tie on
my switchboard here, and I'm gonna let you hear me stack and
unstack tandems. Listen to this. It's gonna blow your mind."
First I hear a super rapid-fire pulsing of the flutelike phone
tones, then a pause, then another popping burst of tones, then
another, then another. Each burst is followed by a beep-kachink
sound.
"We have now stacked up four tandems," said Captain Crunch,
sounding somewhat remote. "That's four tandems stacked up. Do
you know what that means? That means I'm whipping back and
forth, back and forth twice, across the country, before coming
to you. I've been known to stack up twenty tandems at a time.
Now, just like I said, I'm going to shoot up to Moscow."
There is a new, longer series of beeper pulses over the line, a
brief silence, then a ring.
"Hello," answers a far-off voice.
"Hello. Is this the American Embassy Moscow?"
Moscow?"
"Okay?"
"Well, yes, how are things there?"
"Oh. Well, everything okay, I guess."
"Okay. Thank you."
They hang up, leaving a confused series of beep-kachink sounds
hanging in mid-ether in the wake of the call before dissolving
away.
The Captain is pleased. "You believe me now, don't you? Do you
know what I'd like to do? I'd just like to call up your editor at
Esquire and show him just what it sounds like to stack and
unstack tandems. I'll give him a show that will blow his mind.
What's his number?
I ask the Captain what kind of device he was using to
accomplish all his feats. The Captain is pleased at the question.
"You could tell it was special, couldn't you?" Ten pulses per
second. That's faster than the phone company's equipment.
Believe me, this unit is the most famous unit in the country.
There is no other unit like it. Believe me." "Yes, I've heard about
it. Some other phone phreaks have told me about it." "They have
been referring to my, ahem, unit? What is it they said? Just out
of curiosity, did they tell you it was a highly sophisticated
computer-operated unit, with acoustical coupling for receiving
outputs and a switch-board with multiple-line-tie capability?
Did they tell you that the frequency tolerance is guaranteed to
be not more than .05 percent? The amplitude tolerance less
than .01 decibel? Those pulses you heard were perfect. They
just come faster than the phone company. Those were high-
precision op-amps. Op-amps are instrumentation amplifiers
designed for ultra-stable amplification, super-low distortion
and accurate frequency response. Did they tell you it can
operate in temperatures from -55 degrees C to +125 degrees
C?"
I admit that they did not tell me all that.
"I built it myself," the Captain goes on. "If you were to go out
and buy the components from an industrial wholesaler it would
cost you at least $1500. I once worked for a semiconductor
company and all this didn't cost me a cent. Do you know what I
mean? Did they tell you about how I put a call completely
around the world? I'll tell you how I did it. I M-Fed Tokyo
inward, who connected me to India, India connected me to
Greece, Greece connected me to Pretoria, South Africa, South
Africa connected me to South America, I went from South
America to London, I had a London operator connect me to a New
York operator, I had New York connect me to a California
operator who rang the phone next to me. Needless to say I had
to shout to hear myself. But the echo was far out. Fantastic.
Delayed. It was delayed twenty seconds, but I could hear myself
talk to myself."
"You mean you were speaking into the mouthpiece of one phone
sending your voice around the world into your ear through a
phone on the other side of your head?" I asked the Captain. I had
a vision of something vaguely autoerotic going on, in a complex
electronic way.
"That's right," said the Captain. "I've also sent my voice around
the world one way, going east on one phone, and going west on
the other, going through cable one way, satellite the other,
coming back together at the same time, ringing the two phones
simultaneously and picking them up and whipping my voice both
ways around the world back to me. Wow. That was a mind
blower." "You mean you sit there with both phones on your ear
and talk to yourself around the world," I said incredulously.
"Yeah. Um hum. That's what I do. I connect the phone together
and sit there and talk."
"What do you say? What do you say to yourself when you're
connected?" "Oh, you know. Hello test one two three," he says in
a low-pitched voice. "Hello test one two three," he replied to
himself in a high-pitched voice. "Hello test one two three," he
repeats again, low-pitched.
"Hello test one two three," he replies, high-pitched.
"I sometimes do this: Hello Hello Hello Hello, Hello, hello," he
trails off and breaks into laughter.
Why Captain Crunch Hardly Ever Taps Phones Anymore
Using internal phone-company codes, phone phreaks have
learned a simple method for tapping phones. Phone-company
operators have in front of them a board that holds verification
jacks. It allows them to plug into conversations in case of
emergency, to listen in to a line to determine if the line is busy
or the circuits are busy. Phone phreaks have learned to beep out
the codes which lead them to a verification operator, tell the
verification operator they are switchmen from some other area
code testing out verification trunks. Once the operator hooks
them into the verification trunk, they disappear into the board
for all practical purposes, slip unnoticed into any one of the
10,000 to 100,000 numbers in that central office without the
verification operator knowing what they're doing, and of course
without the two parties to the connection knowing there is a
phantom listener present on their line. Toward the end of my
hour-long first conversation with him, I asked the Captain if he
ever tapped phones.
"Oh no. I don't do that. I don't think it's right," he told me firmly.
"I have the power to do it but I don't... Well one time, just one
time, I have to admit that I did. There was this girl, Linda, and I
wanted to find out... you know. I tried to call her up for a date. I
had a date with her the last weekend and I thought she liked me.
I called her up, man, and her line was busy, and I kept calling
and it was still busy. Well, I had just learned about this system
of jumping into lines and I said to myself, 'Hmmm. Why not just
see if it works. It'll surprise her if all of a sudden I should pop
up on her line. It'll impress her, if anything.' So I went ahead
and did it. I M-Fed into the line. My M-F-er is powerful enough
when patched directly into the mouthpiece to trigger a
verification trunk without using an operator the way the other
phone phreaks have to.
"I slipped into the line and there she was talking to another
boyfriend. Making sweet talk to him. I didn't make a sound
because I was so disgusted. So I waited there for her to hang
up, listening to her making sweet talk to the other guy. You
know. So as soon as she hung up I instantly M-F-ed her up and
all I said was, 'Linda, we're through.' And I hung up. And it blew
her head off. She couldn't figure out what the hell happened.
"But that was the only time. I did it thinking I would surprise
her, impress her. Those were all my intentions were, and well,
it really kind of hurt me pretty badly, and... and ever since then
I don't go into verification trunks." Moments later my first
conversation with the Captain comes to a close.
"Listen," he says, his spirits somewhat cheered, "listen. What
you are going to hear when I hang up is the sound of tandems
unstacking. Layer after layer of tandems unstacking until
there's nothing left of the stack, until it melts away into
nothing. Cheep, cheep, cheep, cheep," he concludes, his voice
descending to a whisper with each cheep.
He hangs up. The phone suddenly goes into four spasms: kachink
cheep. Kachink cheep kachink cheep kachink cheep, and the
complex connection has wiped itself out like the Cheshire cat's
smile.
The MF Boogie Blues
The next number I choose from the select list of phone-phreak
alumni, prepared for me by the blue-box inventor, is a Memphis
number. It is the number of Joe Engressia, the first and still
perhaps the most accomplished blind phone phreak.
Three years ago Engressia was a nine-day wonder in
newspapers and magazines all over America because he had
been discovered whistling free long-distance connections for
fellow students at the University of South Florida. Engressia
was born with perfect pitch: he could whistle phone tones
better than the phone-company's equipment.
Engressia might have gone on whistling in the dark for a few
friends for the rest of his life if the phone company hadn't
decided to expose him. He was warned, disciplined by the
college, and the whole case became public. In the months
following media reports of his talent, Engressia began
receiving strange calls. There were calls from a group of kids
in Los Angeles who could do some very strange things with the
quirky General Telephone and Electronics circuitry in L.A.
suburbs.
There were calls from a group of mostly blind kids in ----,
California, who had been doing some interesting experiments
with Cap'n Crunch whistles and test loops. There was a group in
Seattle, a group in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a few from New
York, a few scattered across the country. Some of them had
already equipped themselves with cassette and electronic M-F
devices. For some of these groups, it was the first time they
knew of the others.
The exposure of Engressia was the catalyst that linked the
separate phone-phreak centers together. They all called
Engressia. They talked to him about what he was doing and what
they were doing. And then he told them -- the scattered
regional centers and lonely independent phone phreakers --
about each other, gave them each other's numbers to call, and
within a year the scattered phone-phreak centers had grown
into a nationwide underground.
Joe Engressia is only twenty-two years old now, but along the
phone-phreak network he is "the old man," accorded by phone
phreaks something of the reverence the phone company bestows
on Alexander Graham Bell. He seldom needs to make calls
anymore. The phone phreaks all call him and let him know what
new tricks, new codes, new techniques they have learned. Every
night he sits like a sightless spider in his little apartment
receiving messages from every tendril of his web. It is almost
a point of pride with Joe that they call him.
But when I reached him in his Memphis apartment that night,
Joe Engressia was lonely, jumpy and upset.
"God, I'm glad somebody called. I don't know why tonight of all
nights I don't get any calls. This guy around here got drunk again
tonight and propositioned me again. I keep telling him we'll
never see eye to eye on this subject, if you know what I mean. I
try to make light of it, you know, but he doesn't get it. I can
head him out there getting drunker and I don't know what he'll
do next. It's just that I'm really all alone here, just moved to
Memphis, it's the first time I'm living on my own, and I'd hate
for it to all collapse now. But I won't go to bed with him. I'm
just not very interested in sex and even if I can't see him I
know he's ugly.
"Did you hear that? That's him banging a bottle against the wall
outside. He's nice. Well forget about it. You're doing a story on
phone phreaks? Listen to this. It's the MF Boogie Blues.
Sure enough, a jumpy version of Muskrat Ramble boogies its
way over the line, each note one of those long-distance phone
tones. The music stops. A huge roaring voice blasts the phone
off my ear: "AND THE QUESTION IS..." roars the voice, "CAN A
BLIND PERSON HOOK UP AN AMPLIFIER ON HIS OWN?"
The roar ceases. A high-pitched operator-type voice replaces it.
"This is Southern Braille Tel. & Tel. Have tone, will phone."
This is succeeded by a quick series of M-F tones, a swift
"kachink" and a deep reassuring voice: "If you need home care,
call the visiting-nurses association. First National time in
Honolulu is 4:32 p.m."
Joe back in his Joe voice again: "Are we seeing eye to eye? 'Si,
si,' said the blind Mexican. Ahem. Yes. Would you like to know
the weather in Tokyo?" This swift manic sequence of phone-
phreak vaudeville stunts and blind-boy jokes manages to keep
Joe's mind off his tormentor only as long as it lasts.
"The reason I'm in Memphis, the reason I have to depend on that
homosexual guy, is that this is the first time I've been able to
live on my own and make phone trips on my own. I've been
banned from all central offices around home in Florida, they
knew me too well, and at the University some of my fellow
scholars were always harassing me because I was on the dorm
pay phone all the time and making fun of me because of my fat
ass, which of course I do have, it's my physical fatness
program, but I don't like to hear it every day, and if I can't
phone trip and I can't phone phreak, I can't imagine what I'd do,
I've been devoting three quarters of my life to it.
"I moved to Memphis because I wanted to be on my own as well
as because it has a Number 5 crossbar switching system and
some interesting little independent phone-company districts
nearby and so far they don't seem to know who I am so I can go
on phone tripping, and for me phone tripping is just as
important as phone phreaking."
Phone tripping, Joe explains, begins with calling up a central-
office switch room. He tells the switchman in a polite earnest
voice that he's a blind college student interested in telephones,
and could he perhaps have a guided tour of the switching
station? Each step of the tour Joe likes to touch and feel
relays, caress switching circuits, switchboards, crossbar
arrangements. So when Joe Engressia phone phreaks he feels his
way through the circuitry of the country garden of forking
paths, he feels switches shift, relays shunt, crossbars swivel,
tandems engage and disengage even as he hears -- with perfect
pitch -- his M-F pulses make the entire Bell system dance to
his tune. Just one month ago Joe took all his savings out of his
bank and left home, over the emotional protests of his mother.
"I ran away from home almost," he likes to say. Joe found a
small apartment house on Union Avenue and began making phone
trips. He'd take a bus a hundred miles south in Mississippi to
see some old-fashioned Bell equipment still in use in several
states, which had been puzzling. He'd take a bus three hundred
miles to Charlotte, North Carolina, to look at some brand-new
experimental equipment. He hired a taxi to drive him twelve
miles to a suburb to tour the office of a small phone company
with some interesting idiosyncrasies in its routing system. He
was having the time of his life, he said, the most freedom and
pleasure he had known.
In that month he had done very little long-distance phone
phreaking from his own phone. He had begun to apply for a job
with the phone company, he told me, and he wanted to stay
away from anything illegal.
"Any kind of job will do, anything as menial as the most lowly
operator. That's probably all they'd give me because I'm blind.
Even though I probably know more than most switchmen. But
that's okay. I want to work for Ma Bell. I don't hate Ma Bell the
way Gilbertson and some phone phreaks do. I don't want to
screw Ma Bell. With me it's the pleasure of pure knowledge.
There's something beautiful about the system when you know it
intimately the way I do. But I don't know how much they know
about me here. I have a very intuitive feel for the condition of
the line I'm on, and I think they're monitoring me off and on
lately, but I haven't been doing much illegal. I have to make a
few calls to switchmen once in a while which aren't strictly
legal, and once I took an acid trip and was having these auditory
hallucinations as if I were trapped and these planes were dive-
bombing me, and all of sudden I had to phone phreak out of
there. For some reason I had to call Kansas City, but that's all."
A Warning Is Delivered
At this point -- one o'clock in my time zone -- a loud knock on
my motel-room door interrupts our conversation. Outside the
door I find a uniformed security guard who informs me that
there has been an "emergency phone call" for me while I have
been on the line and that the front desk has sent him up to let
me know.
Two seconds after I say good-bye to Joe and hang up, the phone
rings. "Who were you talking to?" the agitated voice demands.
The voice belongs to Captain Crunch. "I called because I decided
to warn you of something. I decided to warn you to be careful. I
don't want this information you get to get to the radical
underground. I don't want it to get into the wrong hands. What
would you say if I told you it's possible for three phone phreaks
to saturate the phone system of the nation. Saturate it. Busy it
out. All of it. I know how to do this. I'm not gonna tell. A friend
of mine has already saturated the trunks between Seattle and
New York. He did it with a computerized M-F-
er hitched into a special Manitoba exchange. But there are
other, easier ways to do it."
Just three people? I ask. How is that possible?
"Have you ever heard of the long-lines guard frequency? Do you
know about stacking tandems with 17 and 2600? Well, I'd
advise you to find out about it. I'm not gonna tell you. But
whatever you do, don't let this get into the hands of the radical
underground."
(Later Gilbertson, the inventor, confessed that while he had
always been skeptical about the Captain's claim of the sabotage
potential of trunk-tying phone phreaks, he had recently heard
certain demonstrations which convinced him the Captain was
not speaking idly. "I think it might take more than three people,
depending on how many machines like Captain Crunch's were
available. But even though the Captain sounds a little weird, he
generally turns out to know what he's talking about.")
"You know," Captain Crunch continues in his admonitory tone,
"you know the younger phone phreaks call Moscow all the time.
Suppose everybody were to call Moscow. I'm no right-winger.
But I value my life. I don't want the Commies coming over and
dropping a bomb on my head. That's why I say you've got to be
careful about who gets this information."
The Captain suddenly shifts into a diatribe against those phone
phreaks who don't like the phone company.
"They don't understand, but Ma Bell knows everything they do.
Ma Bell knows. Listen, is this line hot? I just heard someone
tap in. I'm not paranoid, but I can detect things like that. Well,
even if it is, they know that I know that they know that I have a
bulk eraser. I'm very clean." The Captain pauses, evidently torn
between wanting to prove to the phone-company monitors that
he does nothing illegal, and the desire to impress Ma Bell with
his prowess. "Ma Bell knows how good I am. And I am quite good.
I can detect reversals, tandem switching, everything that goes
on on a line. I have relative pitch now. Do you know what that
means? My ears are a $20,000 piece of equipment. With my ears
I can detect things they can't hear with their equipment. I've
had employment problems. I've lost jobs. But I want to show Ma
Bell how good I am. I don't want to screw her, I want to work
for her. I want to do good for her. I want to help her get rid of
her flaws and become perfect. That's my number-one goal in
life now." The Captain concludes his warnings and tells me he
has to be going. "I've got a little action lined up for tonight," he
explains and hangs up.
Before I hang up for the night, I call Joe Engressia back. He
reports that his tormentor has finally gone to sleep -- "He's not
blind drunk, that's the way I get, ahem, yes; but you might say
he's in a drunken stupor." I make a date to visit Joe in Memphis
in two days.
A Phone Phreak Call Takes Care of Business
The next morning I attend a gathering of four phone phreaks in
----- (a California suburb). The gathering takes place in a
comfortable split-level home in an upper-middle-class
subdivision. Heaped on the kitchen table are the portable
cassette recorders, M-F cassettes, phone patches, and line ties
of the four phone phreaks present. On the kitchen counter next
to the telephone is a shoe-box-size blue box with thirteen large
toggle switches for the tones. The parents of the host phone
phreak, Ralph, who is blind, stay in the living room with their
sighted children. They are not sure exactly what Ralph and his
friends do with the phone or if it's strictly legal, but he is
blind and they are pleased he has a hobby which keeps him busy.
The group has been working at reestablishing the historic
"2111" conference, reopening some toll-free loops, and trying
to discover the dimensions of what seem to be new initiatives
against phone phreaks by phone-company security agents.
It is not long before I get a chance to see, to hear, Randy at
work. Randy is known among the phone phreaks as perhaps the
finest con man in the game. Randy is blind. He is pale, soft and
pear-shaped, he wears baggy pants and a wrinkly nylon white
sport shirt, pushes his head forward from hunched shoulders
somewhat like a turtle inching out of its shell. His eyes
wander, crossing and recrossing, and his forehead is somewhat
pimply. He is only sixteen years old.
But when Randy starts speaking into a telephone mouthpiece his
voice becomes so stunningly authoritative it is necessary to
look again to convince yourself it comes from a chubby
adolescent Randy. Imagine the voice of a crack oil-rig foreman,
a tough, sharp, weather-beaten Marlboro man of forty. Imagine
the voice of a brilliant performance-fund gunslinger explaining
how he beats the Dow Jones by thirty percent. Then imagine a
voice that could make those two He is speaking to a switchman
in Detroit. The phone company in Detroit had closed up two toll-
free loop pairs for no apparent reason, although heavy use by
phone phreaks all over the country may have been detected.
Randy is telling the switchman how to open up the loop and
make it free again:
"How are you, buddy. Yeah. I'm on the board in here in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, and we've been trying to run some tests on your
loop-
arounds and we find'em busied out on both sides.... Yeah, we've
been getting a 'BY' on them, what d'ya say, can you drop cards on
'em? Do you have 08 on your number group? Oh that's okay,
we've had this trouble before, we may have to go after the
circuit. Here lemme give 'em to you: your frame is 05, vertical
group 03, horizontal 5, vertical file 3. Yeah, we'll hang on
here.... Okay, found it? Good. Right, yeah, we'd like to clear that
busy out. Right. All you have to do is look for your key on the
mounting plate, it's in your miscellaneous trunk frame. Okay?
Right. Now pull your key from NOR over the LCT. Yeah. I don't
know why that happened, but we've been having trouble with
that one. Okay. Thanks a lot fella. Be seein' ya."
Randy hangs up, reports that the switchman was a little
inexperienced with the loop-around circuits on the
miscellaneous trunk frame, but that the loop has been returned
to its free-call status.
Delighted, phone phreak Ed returns the pair of numbers to the
active-status column in his directory. Ed is a superb and
painstaking researcher. With almost Talmudic thoroughness he
will trace tendrils of hints through soft-wired mazes of
intervening phone-company circuitry back through complex
linkages of switching relays to find the location and identity of
just one toll-free loop. He spends hours and hours, every day,
doing this sort of thing. He has somehow compiled a directory
of eight hundred "Band-six in-WATS numbers" located in over
forty states. Band-six in-WATS numbers are the big 800
numbers -- the ones that can be dialed into free from anywhere
in the country.
Ed the researcher, a nineteen-year-old engineering student, is
also a superb technician. He put together his own working blue
box from scratch at age seventeen. (He is sighted.) This evening
after distributing the latest issue of his in-WATS directory
(which has been typed into Braille for the blind phone phreaks),
he announces he has made a major new breakthrough:
"I finally tested it and it works, perfectly. I've got this
switching matrix which converts any touch-tone phone into an
M-F-er."
The tones you hear in touch-tone phones are not the M-F tones
that operate the long-distance switching system. Phone
phreaks believe A.T.&T. had deliberately equipped touch tones
with a different set of frequencies to avoid putting the six
master M-F tones in the hands of every touch-tone owner. Ed's
complex switching matrix puts the six master tones, in effect
put a blue box, in the hands of every touch-
tone owner.
Ed shows me pages of schematics, specifications and parts
lists. "It's not easy to build, but everything here is in the
Heathkit catalog."
Ed asks Ralph what progress he has made in his attempts to
reestablish a long-term open conference line for phone phreaks.
The last big conference -- the historic "2111" conference --
had been arranged through an unused Telex test-board trunk
somewhere in the innards of a 4A switching machine in
Vancouver, Canada. For months phone phreaks could M-F their
way into Vancouver, beep out 604 (the Vancouver area code) and
then beep out 2111 (the internal phone-company code for Telex
testing), and find themselves at any time, day or night, on an
open wire talking with an array of phone phreaks from coast to
coast, operators from Bermuda, Tokyo and London who are
phone-phreak sympathizers, and miscellaneous guests and
technical experts. The conference was a massive exchange of
information. Phone phreaks picked each other's brains clean,
then developed new ways to pick the phone company's brains
clean. Ralph gave M F Boogies concerts with his home-
entertainment-type electric organ, Captain Crunch
demonstrated his round-the-world prowess with his notorious
computerized unit and dropped leering hints of the "action" he
was getting with his girl friends. (The Captain lives out or
pretends to live out several kinds of fantasies to the gossipy
delight of the blind phone phreaks who urge him on to further
triumphs on behalf of all of them.) The somewhat rowdy
Northwest phone-phreak crowd let their bitter internal feud
spill over into the peaceable conference line, escalating shortly
into guerrilla warfare; Carl the East Coast international tone
relations expert demonstrated newly opened direct M-F routes
to central offices on the island of Bahrein in the Persian Gulf,
introduced a new phone-phreak friend of his in Pretoria, and
explained the technical operation of the new Oakland-to
Vietnam linkages. (Many phone phreaks pick up spending money
by M-F-ing calls from relatives to Vietnam G.I.'s, charging $5
for a whole hour of trans-Pacific conversation.) Day and night
the conference line was never dead. Blind phone phreaks all
over the country, lonely and isolated in homes filled with
active sighted brothers and sisters, or trapped with slow and
unimaginative blind kids in straitjacket schools for the blind,
knew that no matter how late it got they could dial up the
conference and find instant electronic communion with two or
three other blind kids awake over on the other side of America.
Talking together on a phone hookup, the blind phone phreaks say,
is not much different from being there together.
Physically, there was nothing more than a two-inch-square
wafer of titanium inside a vast machine on Vancouver Island.
For the blind kids there meant an exhilarating feeling of being
in touch, through a kind of skill and magic which was peculiarly
their own.
Last April 1, however, the long Vancouver Conference was shut
off. The phone phreaks knew it was coming. Vancouver was in
the process of converting from a step-by-step system to a 4A
machine and the 2111 Telex circuit was to be wiped out in the
process. The phone phreaks learned the actual day on which the
conference would be erased about a week ahead of time over
the phone company's internal-news-and-shop-talk recording.
For the next frantic seven days every phone phreak in America
was on and off the 2111 conference twenty-four hours a day.
Phone phreaks who were just learning the game or didn't have
M-F capability were boosted up to the conference by more
experienced phreaks so they could get a glimpse of what it was
like before it disappeared. Top phone phreaks searched distant
area codes for new conference possibilities without success.
Finally in the early morning of April 1, the end came.
"I could feel it coming a couple hours before midnight," Ralph
remembers. "You could feel something going on in the lines.
Some static began showing up, then some whistling wheezing
sound. Then there were breaks. Some people got cut off and
called right back in, but after a while some people were finding
they were cut off and couldn't get back in at all. It was terrible.
I lost it about one a.m., but managed to slip in again and stay on
until the thing died... I think it was about four in the morning.
There were four of us still hanging on when the conference
disappeared into nowhere for good. We all tried to M-F up to it
again of course, but we got silent termination. There was
nothing there."
The Legendary Mark Bernay Turns Out To Be "The Midnight
Skulker" Mark Bernay. I had come across that name before. It
was on Gilbertson's select list of phone phreaks. The California
phone phreaks had spoken of a mysterious Mark Bernay as
perhaps the first and oldest phone phreak on the West Coast.
And in fact almost every phone phreak in the West can trace his
origins either directly to Mark Bernay or to a disciple of Mark
Bernay. It seems that five years ago this Mark Bernay (a
pseudonym he chose for himself) began traveling up and down
the West Coast pasting tiny stickers in phone books all along
his way. The stickers read something like "Want to hear an
interesting tape recording? Call these numbers." The numbers
that followed were toll-free loop-around pairs. When one of the
curious called one of the numbers he would hear a tape
recording pre-hooked into the loop by Bernay which explained
the use of loop-around pairs, gave the numbers of several more,
and ended by telling the caller, "At six o'clock tonight this
recording will stop and you and your friends can try it out. Have
fun."
"I was disappointed by the response at first," Bernay told me,
when I finally reached him at one of his many numbers and he
had dispensed with the usual "I never do anything illegal"
formalities which experienced phone phreaks open most
conversations.
"I went all over the coast with these stickers not only on pay
phones, but I'd throw them in front of high schools in the
middle of the night, I'd leave them unobtrusively in candy
stores, scatter them on main streets of small towns. At first
hardly anyone bothered to try it out. I would listen in for hours
and hours after six o'clock and no one came on. I couldn't figure
out why people wouldn't be interested. Finally these two girls
in Oregon tried it out and told all their friends and suddenly it
began to spread."
Before his Johny Appleseed trip Bernay had already gathered a
sizable group of early pre-blue-box phone phreaks together on
loop-arounds in Los Angeles. Bernay does not claim credit for
the original discovery of the loop-around numbers. He
attributes the discovery to an eighteen-year-oldreform school
kid in Long Beach whose name he forgets and who, he says,
"just disappeared one day." When Bernay himself discovered
loop-arounds independently, from clues in his readings in old
issues of the Automatic Electric Technical Journal, he found
dozens of the reform-school kid's friends already using them.
However, it was one of Bernay's disciples in Seattle that
introduced phone phreaking to blind kids. The Seattle kid who
learned about loops through Bernay's recording told a blind
friend, the blind kid taught the secret to his friends at a winter
camp for blind kids in Los Angeles. When the camp session was
over these kids took the secret back to towns all over the West.
This is how the original blind kids became phone phreaks. For
them, for most phone phreaks in general, it was the discovery
of the possibilities of loop-arounds which led them on to far
more serious and sophisticated phone-phreak methods, and
which gave them a medium for sharing their discoveries.
A year later a blind kid who moved back east brought the
technique to a blind kids' summer camp in Vermont, which
spread it along the East Coast. All from a Mark Bernay sticker.
Bernay, who is nearly thirty years old now, got his start when
he was fifteen and his family moved into an L.A. suburb
serviced by General Telephone and Electronics equipment. He
became fascinated with the differences between Bell and
G.T.&E. equipment. He learned he could make interesting things
happen by carefully timed clicks with the disengage button. He
learned to interpret subtle differences in the array of clicks,
whirrs and kachinks he could hear on his lines. He learned he
could shift himself around the switching relays of the L.A. area
code in a not-too-predictable fashion by interspersing his own
hook-switch clicks with the clicks within the line.
(Independent phone companies -- there are nineteen hundred of
them still left, most of them tiny island principalities in Ma
Bell's vast empire -- have always been favorites with phone
phreaks, first as learning tools, then as Archimedes platforms
from which to manipulate the huge Bell system. A phone phreak
in Bell territory will often M-F himself into an independent's
switching system, with switching idiosyncrasies which can
give him marvelous leverage over the Bell System. "I have a
real affection for Automatic Electric Equipment," Bernay told
me. "There are a lot of things you can play with. Things break
down in interesting ways."
Shortly after Bernay graduated from college (with a double
major in chemistry and philosophy), he graduated from
phreaking around with G.T.&E. to the Bell System itself, and
made his legendary sticker-
pasting journey north along the coast, settling finally in
Northwest Pacific Bell territory. He discovered that if Bell
does not break down as interestingly as G.T.&E., it nevertheless
offers a lot of "things to play with."
Bernay learned to play with blue boxes. He established his own
personal switchboard and phone-phreak research laboratory
complex. He continued his phone-phreak evangelism with
ongoing sticker campaigns. He set up two recording numbers,
one with instructions for beginning phone phreaks, the other
with latest news and technical developments (along with some
advanced instruction) gathered from sources all over the
country.
These days, Bernay told me, he had gone beyond phone-phreaking
itself. "Lately I've been enjoying playing with computers more
than playing with phones. My personal thing in computers is
just like with phones, I guess --the kick is in finding out how
to beat the system, how to get at things I'm not supposed to
know about, how to do things with the system that I'm not
supposed to be able to do."
As a matter of fact, Bernay told me, he had just been fired from
his computer-programming job for doing things he was not
supposed to be able to do. he had been working with a huge
time-sharing computer owned by a large corporation but shared
by many others. Access to the computer was limited to those
programmers and corporations that had been assigned certain
passwords. And each password restricted its user to access to
only the one section of the computer cordoned off from its own
information storager. The password system prevented
companies and individuals from stealing each other's
information.
"I figured out how to write a program that would let me read
everyone else's password," Bernay reports. "I began playing
around with passwords. I began letting the people who used the
computer know, in subtle ways, that I knew their passwords. I
began dropping notes to the computer supervisors with hints
that I knew what I know. I signed them 'The Midnight Skulker.' I
kept getting cleverer and cleverer with my messages and
devising ways of showing them what I could do. I'm sure they
couldn't imagine I could do the things I was showing them. But
they never responded to me. Every once in a while they'd change
the passwords, but I found out how to discover what the new
ones were, and I let them know. But they never responded
directly to the Midnight Skulker. I even finally designed a
program which they could use to prevent my program from
finding out what it did. In effect I told them how to wipe me
out, The Midnight Skulker. It was a very clever program. I
started leaving clues about myself. I wanted them to try and
use it and then try to come up with something to get around
that and reappear again. But they wouldn't play. I wanted to get
caught. I mean I didn't want to get caught personally, but I
wanted them to notice me and admit that they noticed me. I
wanted them to attempt to respond, maybe in some interesting
way."
Finally the computer managers became concerned enough about
the threat of information-stealing to respond. However, instead
of using The Midnight Skulker's own elegant self-destruct
program, they called in their security personnel, interrogated
everyone, found an informer to identify Bernay as The Midnight
Skulker, and fired him.
"At first the security people advised the company to hire me
full-time to search out other flaws and discover other
computer freaks. I might have liked that. But I probably would
have turned into a double double agent rather than the double
agent they wanted. I might have resurrected The Midnight
Skulker and tried to catch myself. Who knows? Anyway, the
higher-ups turned the whole idea down."
You Can Tap the F.B.I.'s Crime Control Computer in the Comfort
of Your Own Home, Perhaps Computer freaking may be the wave
of the future. It suits the phone-phreak sensibility perfectly.
Gilbertson, the blue-box inventor and a lifelong phone phreak,
has also gone on from phone-phreaking to computer-freaking.
Before he got into the blue-box business Gilbertson, who is a
highly skilled programmer, devised programs for international
currency arbitrage.
But he began playing with computers in earnest when he learned
he could use his blue box in tandem with the computer terminal
installed in his apartment by the instrumentation firm he
worked for. The print-
out terminal and keyboard was equipped with acoustical
coupling, so that by coupling his little ivory Princess phone to
the terminal and then coupling his blue box on that, he could M-
F his way into other computers with complete anonymity, and
without charge; program and re-program them at will; feed
them false or misleading information; tap and steal from them.
He explained to me that he taps computers by busying out all
the lines, then going into a verification trunk, listening into the
passwords and instructions one of the time sharers uses, and
them M-F-ing in and imitating them. He believes it would not be
impossible to creep into the F.B.I's crime control computer
through a local police computer terminal and phreak around
with the F.B.I.'s memory banks. He claims he has succeeded in
re-programming a certain huge institutional computer in such a
way that it has cordoned off an entire section of its circuitry
for his personal use, and at the same time conceals that
arrangement from anyone else's notice. I have been unable to
verify this claim.
Like Captain Crunch, like Alexander Graham Bell (pseudonym of
a disgruntled-looking East Coast engineer who claims to have
invented the black box and now sells black and blue boxes to
gamblers and radical heavies), like most phone phreaks,
Gilbertson began his career trying to rip off pay phones as a
teenager. Figure them out, then rip them off. Getting his dime
back from the pay phone is the phone phreak's first thrilling
rite of passage. After learning the usual eighteen different
ways of getting his dime back, Gilbertson learned how to make
master keys to coin-phone cash boxes, and get everyone else's
dimes back. He stole some phone-company equipment and put
together his own home switchboard with it. He learned to make
a simple "bread-box" device, of the kind used by bookies in the
Thirties (bookie gives a number to his betting clients; the
phone with that number is installed in some widow lady's
apartment, but is rigged to ring in the bookie's shop across
town, cops trace big betting number and find nothing but the
widow).
Not long after that afternoon in 1968 when, deep in the stacks
of an engineering library, he came across a technical journal
with the phone tone frequencies and rushed off to make his
first blue box, not long after that Gilbertson abandoned a very
promising career in physical chemistry and began selling blue
boxes for $1,500 apiece.
"I had to leave physical chemistry. I just ran out of interesting
things to learn," he told me one evening. We had been talking in
the apartment of the man who served as the link between
Gilbertson and the syndicate in arranging the big $300,000
blue-box deal which fell through because of legal trouble. There
has been some smoking.
"No more interesting things to learn," he continues. "Physical
chemistry turns out to be a sick subject when you take it to its
highest level. I don't know. I don't think I could explain to you
how it's sick. You have to be there. But you get, I don't know, a
false feeling of omnipotence. I suppose it's like phone-
phreaking that way. This huge thing is there. This whole
system. And there are holes in it and you slip into them like
Alice and you're pretending you're doing something you're
actually not, or at least it's no longer you that's doing what you
thought you were doing. It's all Lewis Carroll. Physical
chemistry and phone-phreaking. That's why you have these
phone-phreak pseudonyms like The Cheshire Cat, the Red King,
and The Snark. But there's something about phone-phreaking
that you don't find in physical chemistry." He looks up at me:
"Did you ever steal anything?"
"Then you know! You know the rush you get. It's not just
knowledge, like physical chemistry. It's forbidden knowledge.
You know. You can learn about anything under the sun and be
bored to death with it. But the idea that it's illegal. Look: you
can be small and mobile and smart and you're ripping off
somebody large and powerful and very dangerous.
People like Gilbertson and Alexander Graham Bell are always
talking about ripping off the phone company and screwing Ma
Bell. But if they were shown a single button and told that by
pushing it they could turn the entire circuitry of A.T.&T. into
molten puddles, they probably wouldn't push it. The
disgruntled-inventor phone phreak needs the phone system the
way the lapsed Catholic needs the Church, the way Satan needs
a God, the way The Midnight Skulker needed, more than anything
else, response.
Later that evening Gilbertson finished telling me how delighted
he was at the flood of blue boxes spreading throughout the
country, how delighted he was to know that "this time they're
really screwed." He suddenly shifted gears. "Of course. I do have
this love/hate thing about Ma Bell. In a way I almost like the
phone company. I guess I'd be very sad if they were to
disintegrate. In a way it's just that after having been so good
they turn out to have these things wrong with them. It's those
flaws that allow me to get in and mess with them, but I don't
know. There's something about it that gets to you and makes
you want to get to it, you know."
I ask him what happens when he runs out of interesting,
forbidden things to learn about the phone system.
"I don't know, maybe I'd go to work for them for a while."
"In security even?"
"I'd do it, sure. I just as soon play -- I'd just as soon work on
either side."
"Even figuring out how to trap phone phreaks? I said, recalling
Mark Bernay's game."
"Yes, that might be interesting. Yes, I could figure out how to
outwit the phone phreaks. Of course if I got too good at it, it
might become boring again. Then I'd have to hope the phone
phreaks got much better and outsmarted me for a while. That
would move the quality of the game up one level. I might even
have to help them out, you know, 'Well, kids, I wouldn't want
this to get around but did you ever think of -- ?' I could keep it
going at higher and higher levels forever."
The dealer speaks up for the first time. He has been staring at
the soft blinking patterns of light and colors on the translucent
tiled wall facing him. (Actually there are no patterns: the color
and illumination of every tile is determined by a computerized
random-number generator designed by Gilbertson which insures
that there can be no meaning to any sequence of events in the
tiles.)
"Those are nice games you're talking about," says the dealer to
his friend. "But I wouldn't mind seeing them screwed. A
telephone isn't private anymore. You can't say anything you
really want to say on a telephone or you have to go through that
paranoid bullshit. 'Is it cool to talk on the phone?' I mean, even
if it is cool, if you have to ask 'Is it cool,' then it isn't cool. You
know. 'Is it cool,' then it isn't cool. You know. Like those blind
kids, people are going to start putting together their own
private telephone companies if they want to really talk. And
you know what else. You don't hear silences on the phone
anymore. They've got this time-sharing thing on long-distance
lines where you make a pause and they snip out that piece of
time and use it to carry part of somebody else's conversation.
Instead of a pause, where somebody's maybe breathing or
sighing, you get this blank hole and you only start hearing again
when someone says a word and even the beginning of the word
is clipped off. Silences don't count -- you're paying for them,
but they take them away from you. It's not cool to talk and you
can't hear someone when they don't talk. What the hell good is
the phone? I wouldn't mind seeing them totally screwed."
The Big Memphis Bust
Joe Engressia never wanted to screw Ma Bell. His dream had
always been to work for her.
The day I visited Joe in his small apartment on Union Avenue in
Memphis, he was upset about another setback in his application
for a telephone job.
"They're stalling on it. I got a letter today telling me they'd
have to postpone the interview I requested again. My landlord
read it for me. They gave me some runaround about wanting
papers on my rehabilitation status but I think there's something
else going on."
When I switched on the 40-watt bulb in Joe's room -- he
sometimes forgets when he has guests -- it looked as if there
was enough telephone hardware to start a small phone company
of his own.
There is one phone on top of his desk, one phone sitting in an
open drawer beneath the desk top. Next to the desk-top phone is
a cigar-
box-size M-F device with big toggle switches, and next to that
is some kind of switching and coupling device with jacks and
alligator plugs hanging loose. Next to that is a Braille
typewriter. On the floor next to the desk, lying upside down like
a dead tortoise, is the half-
gutted body of an old black standard phone. Across the room on
a torn and dusty couch are two more phones, one of them a
touch-tone model; two tape recorders; a heap of phone patches
and cassettes, and a life-size toy telephone.
Our conversation is interrupted every ten minutes by phone
phreaks from all over the country ringing Joe on just about
every piece of equipment but the toy phone and the Braille
typewriter. One fourteen-year-old blind kid from Connecticut
calls up and tells Joe he's got a girl friend. He wants to talk to
Joe about girl friends. Joe says they'll talk later in the evening
when they can be alone on the line. Joe draws a deep breath,
whistles him off the air with an earsplitting 2600-cycle
whistle. Joe is pleased to get the calls but he looked worried
and preoccupied that evening, his brow constantly furrowed
over his dark wandering eyes. In addition to the phone-company
stall, he has just learned that his apartment house is due to be
demolished in sixty days for urban renewal. For all its
shabbiness, the Union Avenue apartment house has been Joe's
first home-of-his-own and he's worried that he may not find
another before this one is demolished.
But what really bothers Joe is that switchmen haven't been
listening to him. "I've been doing some checking on 800 numbers
lately, and I've discovered that certain 800 numbers in New
Hampshire couldn't be reached from Missouri and Kansas. Now it
may sound like a small thing, but I don't like to see sloppy
work; it makes me feel bad about the lines. So I've been calling
up switching offices and reporting it, but they haven't
corrected it. I called them up for the third time today and
instead of checking they just got mad. Well, that gets me mad. I
mean, I do try to help them. There's something about them I
can't understand -- you want to help them and they just try to
say you're defrauding them."
It is Sunday evening and Joe invites me to join him for dinner
at a Holiday Inn. Frequently on Sunday evening Joe takes some
of his welfare money, calls a cab, and treats himself to a steak
dinner at one of Memphis' thirteen Holiday Inns. (Memphis is the
headquarters of Holiday Inn. Holiday Inns have been a favorite
for Joe ever since he made his first solo phone trip to a Bell
switching office in Jacksonville, Florida, and stayed in the
Holiday Inn there. He likes to stay at Holiday Inns, he explains,
because they represent freedom to him and because the rooms
are arranged the same all over the country so he knows that any
Holiday Inn room is familiar territory to him. Just like any
telephone.)
Over steaks in the Pinnacle Restaurant of the Holiday Inn
Medical Center on Madison Avenue in Memphis, Joe tells me the
highlights of his life as a phone phreak.
At age seven, Joe learned his first phone trick. A mean baby-
sitter, tired of listening to little Joe play with the phone as he
always did, constantly, put a lock on the phone dial. "I got so
mad. When there's a phone sitting there and I can't use it... so I
started getting mad and banging the receiver up and down. I
noticed I banged it once and it dialed one. Well, then I tried
banging it twice...." In a few minutes Joe learned how to dial by
pressing the hook switch at the right time. "I was so excited I
remember going 'whoo whoo' and beat a box down on the floor."
At age eight Joe learned about whistling. "I was listening to
some intercept non working-number recording in L.A.- I was
calling L.A. as far back as that, but I'd mainly dial non working
numbers because there was no charge, and I'd listen to these
recordings all day. Well, I was whistling 'cause listening to
these recordings can be boring after a while even if they are
from L.A., and all of a sudden, in the middle of whistling, the
recording clicked off. I fiddled around whistling some more, and
the same thing happened. So I called up the switch room and
said, 'I'm Joe. I'm eight years old and I want to know why when I
whistle this tune the line clicks off.' He tried to explain it to
me, but it was a little too technical at the time. I went on
learning. That was a thing nobody was going to stop me from
doing. The phones were my life, and I was going to pay any price
to keep on learning. I knew I could go to jail. But I had to do
what I had to do to keep on learning."
The phone is ringing when we walk back into Joe's apartment on
Union Avenue. It is Captain Crunch. The Captain has been
following me around by phone, calling up everywhere I go with
additional bits of advice and explanation for me and whatever
phone phreak I happen to be visiting. This time the Captain
reports he is calling from what he describes as "my hideaway
high up in the Sierra Nevada." He pulses out lusty salvos of M-F
and tells Joe he is about to "go out and get a little action
tonight. Do some phreaking of another kind, if you know what I
mean." Joe chuckles.
The Captain then tells me to make sure I understand that what
he told me about tying up the nation's phone lines was true, but
that he and the phone phreaks he knew never used the technique
for sabotage. They only learned the technique to help the phone
company.
"We do a lot of troubleshooting for them. Like this New
Hampshire/Missouri WATS-line flaw I've been screaming about.
We help them more than they know." After we say good-bye to
the Captain and Joe whistles him off the line, Joe tells me
about a disturbing dream he had the night before: "I had been
caught and they were taking me to a prison. It was a long trip.
They were taking me to a prison a long long way away. And we
stopped at a Holiday Inn and it was my last night ever using the
phone and I was crying and crying, and the lady at the Holiday
Inn said, 'Gosh, honey, you should never be sad at a Holiday Inn.
You should always be happy here. Especially since it's your last
night.' And that just made it worse and I was sobbing so much I
couldn't stand it."
Two weeks after I left Joe Engressia's apartment, phone-
company security agents and Memphis police broke into it.
Armed with a warrant, which they left pinned to a wall, they
confiscated every piece of equipment in the room, including his
toy telephone. Joe was placed under arrest and taken to the city
jail where he was forced to spend the night since he had no
money and knew no one in Memphis to call.
It is not clear who told Joe what that night, but someone told
him that the phone company had an open-and-shut case against
him because of revelations of illegal activity he had made to a
phone-company undercover agent.
By morning Joe had become convinced that the reporter from
Esquire, with whom he had spoken two weeks ago, was the
undercover agent. He probably had ugly thoughts about someone
he couldn't see gaining his confidence, listening to him talk
about his personal obsessions and dreams, while planning all
the while to lock him up.
"I really thought he was a reporter," Engressia told the Memphis
Press-Seminar. "I told him everything...." Feeling betrayed, Joe
proceeded to confess everything to the press and police.
As it turns out, the phone company did use an undercover agent
to trap Joe, although it was not the Esquire reporter.
Ironically, security agents were alerted and began to compile a
case against Joe because of one of his acts of love for the
system: Joe had called an internal service department to report
that he had located a group of defective long-distance trunks,
and to complain again about the New Hampshire/Missouri WATS
problem. Joe always liked Ma Bell's lines to be clean and
responsive. A suspicious switchman reported Joe to the
security agents who discovered that Joe had never had a long-
distance call charged to his name.
Then the security agents learned that Joe was planning one of
his phone trips to a local switching office. The security people
planted one of their agents in the switching office. He posed as
a student switchman and followed Joe around on a tour. He was
extremely friendly and helpful to Joe, leading him around the
office by the arm. When the tour was over he offered Joe a ride
back to his apartment house. On the way he asked Joe --one
tech man to another -- about "those blue boxers" he'd heard
about. Joe talked about them freely, talked about his blue box
freely, and about all the other things he could do with the
phones.
The next day the phone-company security agents slapped a
monitoring tape on Joe's line, which eventually picked up an
illegal call. Then they applied for the search warrant and broke
in.
In court Joe pleaded not guilty to possession of a blue box and
theft of service. A sympathetic judge reduced the charges to
malicious mischief and found him guilty on that count,
sentenced him to two thirty-day sentences to be served
concurrently and then suspended the sentence on condition that
Joe promise never to play with phones again. Joe promised, but
the phone company refused to restore his service. For two
weeks after the trial Joe could not be reached except through
the pay phone at his apartment house, and the landlord screened
all calls for him.
Phone-phreak Carl managed to get through to Joe after the
trial, and reported that Joe sounded crushed by the whole
affair.
"What I'm worried about," Carl told me, "is that Joe means it
this time. The promise. That he'll never phone-phreak again.
That's what he told me, that he's given up phone-phreaking for
good. I mean his entire life. He says he knows they're going to
be watching him so closely for the rest of his life he'll never be
able to make a move without going straight to jail. He sounded
very broken up by the whole experience of being in jail. It was
awful to hear him talk that way. I don't know. I hope maybe he
had to sound that way. Over the phone, you know."
He reports that the entire phone-phreak underground is up in
arms over the phone company's treatment of Joe. "All the while
Joe had his hopes pinned on his application for a phone-company
job, they were stringing him along getting ready to bust him.
That gets me mad. Joe spent most of his time helping them out.
The bastards. They think they can use him as an example. All of
sudden they're harassing us on the coast. Agents are jumping up
on our lines. They just busted ------'s mute yesterday and
ripped out his lines. But no matter what Joe does, I don't think
we're going to take this lying down."
Two weeks later my phone rings and about eight phone phreaks
in succession say hello from about eight different places in the
country, among them Carl, Ed, and Captain Crunch. A nationwide
phone-
phreak conference line has been reestablished through a
switching machine in --------, with the cooperation of a
disgruntled switchman.
"We have a special guest with us today," Carl tells me. The next
voice I hear is Joe's. He reports happily that he has just moved
to a place called Millington, Tennessee, fifteen miles outside of
Memphis, where he has been hired as a telephone-set repairman
by a small independent phone company. Someday he hopes to be
an equipment troubleshooter.
"It's the kind of job I dreamed about. They found out about me
from the publicity surrounding the trial. Maybe Ma Bell did me a
favor busting me. I'll have telephones in my hands all day long."
"You know the expression, 'Don't get mad, get even'?" phone-
phreak Carl asked me. "Well, I think they're going to be very
sorry about what they did to Joe and what they're trying to do
to us."
-------------------- [BT] TOP LEVEL [INDEX] --------------------
_1995 Cold Fire
For further information contact ColdFire#paranoia.com
This page is covered by the authorsFull Disclaimer Notice
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Written by The Micro Master
Blue Boxing:
This file assmes you have made and/or know how to make a
Blue Box, that you know how to use a Blue Box, and that you
know what a Blue Box can do for you.
Blue Boxing at first:
When Blue Boxing first started At&t (called Bell at the time)
was totaly unwary for this move. Blue Box tones where
ordinginally created for the operator and the phone repair man.
Using them phreaks used to tap lines, call anywhere for free,
etc.
Then one dreaded day somebody at Bell caught on and BAM,
people where busted like mad cause they thought blue box was
safe.
Suddenly, people relized that it was not safe all the time, not
safe sometimes, not safe at all. NEVER could you sue a Blue Box
without being busted. But even after all this, Bell (and now
At&t) still used Blue Box tone and they are still being used
today.
Now, how they got busted.
Every time a Blue Box tone is used, the number is came from is
put on a list. This list contains all places where Blue Box tones
came from in your area code. Now, just cause your name is on
this list dosen't mean that your busted or anything, your still
fine. However, at the end of the week another list is compared
to the list of where the tones came from. If your NOT on this
list you are in BIG trouble.
Expect a vist to court.
Now, the trick of not getting busted.
The first thing is obvious. You must get on the second list
mentioned above. Then your stumped, how do I get on that
list?!?!?
Getting on a Blue Box tone list.
Alright, all operators are always on the list. So if you have a
neighbor who is an operator, just put in a tap. No problem. Now
your saying "Oh great, all I have to do is move nextdoor to an
operator. I read this whole G-file just to find that out!" Wrong.
That's is the easiest way but by no means the only. Another
way: When a phone repair man comes to your house and either
instals a new line, tests an old line, fixs a phone. Fixes a tine
or works on your main Box (you know those big GREEN BOXS
sitting in about every 8th house's yard. Then your number goes
on the list. By knowing a repair man you can get on this list or
after having the line fixed, you can drag out your blue box and
have some fun! Finnaly. I have never succed in this but I know it
DOES work. Run a war dial of you area until you get a gold box
(also called a diverter) tone. If you can find one go install a
Gold Box somewhere. Now scan again until you get your local
At&t switching station. Call back through the diverter and hack
unti l you get a High level persons access. From a highlevel
person access you can call in and edit the list of places where
tones can come from. Now you can use the Blue Box. I personally
have hacked a acount in At&t but it wasn't high enough to edit
the l ist but I could read it. From reading it I fround a bunch of
good places to install a Gold Box.
BLUE BOX PLANS mADE eASY
NOTE TO ALL:THIS IS AN ORIGINAL PHILE FROM THE OSUNY
BBS(NOW DEFUNCT)...IT IS STILL A VERY COMMONPLACE FILE,
AND MANY LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES DO HAVE
A PRINTUP OF THIS FILE...IF YOU WERE EVER CAUGHT WITH A
COPY OF THIS PHILE, I HAVE ABSOLUTELY NO IDEA NOR GRASP OF
WHAT THE CONSEQUENCES WOULD BE..ALSO NOTE THAT IT IS AN
OLD HARDWARE TYPE FILE...UNLESS YOU ARE REALLY INTERESTED
IN BUILDING ONE, AND CAN ACCEPT THE CONSEQUENCES OF BEING
CAUGHT WITH A HARDWARE BLUE BOX(OUTLINED ON D1'S
"PHREAKERS RIGHTS") THEN DO NOT TAKE THIS FILE AND TRY TO
USE IT...IT CAN CERTAINLY MEAN NOTHING BUT TROUBLE FOR
YOU....
THE ART AND PRACTICE OF BLUE BOXING
ORIGINALLY TYPED BY:NICKIE HALFLINGER & MR. AMERICA
THIS IS THE TONE MATRIX FOR A BOX WHICH GENERATES TONES
THAT OPERATORS USE TO DIAL..ROTARY WORKS AS WELL, ON
OPERATOR LINES, BUT THIS IS TECHNOLOGICAL(!). NOW I AGREE
WITH THE OPINION OF A WELL KNOWN PHREAK THAT 'BOXING'
IS/WILL BE FOR THE MOST PART DEAD, BUT THIS IS TRADITION...
FIRST,YOU DIAL DIR.ASST, OR AN OPER. ETC, THEN YOU BLAST
THE LINE WITH A 2600HZ TONE. THIS GIVES YOU THE LINE, THIS
IS ALSO HOW MA BELL TRACKS DOWN BLUE BOXERS... EVEN ON
OLD #4 CROSSBARS... ONCE ON A OPER.TRUNK LINE, YOU USE YOUR
BLUE BOX/ROTARY TO DIAL... SO, IF YOU USE 2600HZ, WHICH IS
NECESSARY, UNLESS YOU ARE *VERY* CAREFUL, YOU WILL BE
SNAGGED. FINALLY, THIS IS WHAT YOU READ!SO LONG AND HARD
FOR:
700 : 1 : 2 : 4 : 7 : 11 :
900 : + : 3 : 5 : 8 : 12 :
1100 : + : + : 6 : 9 : KP :
1300 : + : + : + : 10 : KP2 :
1500 : + : + : + : + : ST :
: 900 : 1100 : 1300 : 1500 : 1700 :
USE KP TO START A CALL, AND ST TO STOP, WITH THE BELOVED
2600HZ TONE TO DISCONNECT. I ALSO HEAR THAT 2600HZ
RESETS SPRINT NODES AND GIVES YOU THEIR INITIAL TONE..
NOW, IF YOU'RE WONDERING ABOUT WHAT TO CALL FROM AN
OPERATOR TRUNK, HERE ARE SOME GOODIES TO HELP YOU OUT:
XXX+101 - TOLL SWITCHING
XXX+131 - INFORMATION
XXX+141 - RATE & ROUTE
XXX+181 - COIN REFUND OPERATOR
XXX+11501 - MOBILE OPERATOR
XXX+11521 - MOBILE OPERATOR
XXX+11511 - CONFERENCE OPERATOR
THESE WORK WITH ROTARY OR OPERATORS TONES, BUT ONLY ON
OPER. TRUNK LINES... THANKS FOR LISTENING!
BLUE BOXES, PART II
WHILE READING THE FINE ARTICLE ON THE BLUE BOX I SAW THAT
THERE A LOT OF DATA LEFT OUT OF THE DOCUMENT. I HOPE THIS
ADDS, IN SOME SMALL WAY, TO THE INFORMATION.
TIMING SPECS WERE NOT INCLUDED. THE TONE PAIRS ARE TO
REMAIN ON FOR 1/10 SEC. WITH 1/10 SEC. OF SLIENCE BETWEEN
DIGITS. THE 'KP' TONES SHOULD BE SENT FOR 2/10 SEC. A WAY
TO DEFEAT THE 2600HZ TRAPS IS TO SEND ALONG WITH THE
2600HZ SOME PINK NOISE(MOST OF THE ENERGY IN THIS SIGNAL
SHOULD BE ABOVE 3000HZ, THIS SIGNAL WON'T MAKE IT OVER
THE TOLL NETWORK, BUT SHOULD CARRY AS FAR AS YOUR LOCAL
TOLL CENTER) SO THAT THE TRAPS WON'T FIND 'PURE' 2600HZ ON
THE TRUNK. THIS IS NOT A PERFECTLY SAFE WAY TO BOX, BUT IT
SHOULD SLOW DOWN THE DISCOVERY.
AS TO USE, THE FIRST THING YOU NEED TO UNDERSTAND IS THAT
THERE ARE TWO(2) TYPES OF TOLL COMPLETING TRUNK, INWARD
AND OUTWARD. THE NAMES ARE REFERENCE TO THE OFFICE THAT
IS SWITCHING THE CALL(THE TOLL CENTER THAT SERVES THE
WATS LINE YOU CALLED) AND EACH TYPE OF TRUNK HAS A
DIFFERENT CLASS OF SERVICE. FROM AN INWARD TOLL
COMPLETING TRUNK, YOU CAN REACH THE DIFFERENT SERVICE
OPERATORS, THE TOLL TEST BOARD, AND THE INWARD
OPERATOR. SOME OFFICES ALSO ALLOW REMOTE TESTING AND IT
IS IN THESE OFFICES THAT YOU CAN ACCESS THE OUTWARD TOLL
COMPLETING TRUNKS. THE OUTWARD TRUNKS ALLOW YOU TO
MAKE VERIFICATION(EMERGENCY) CALLS, DO BETWEEN LA AND
NYC), ENABLE AND DISABLE TSPS POSITIONS, AND IN SOME
CASES(ON SOME 4A'S) ISSUE TEMPORARY REROUTING
INSTRUCTIONS( SEND ALL CALLS FROM LA TO NYC VIA MIAMI,
BOSTON, OR ANY OTHER CLASS 5 OFFICE OR OFFICES). BOTH TYPE
OF TRUNK ALLOW YOU TO PLACE A 'STANDARD' CALL WITH A BOX.
IN SOME OFFICES, MOSTLY THE SMALL ONES WITH A TOLL TEST
BOARD THAT IS UNATTENDED AT NIGHT AND ON WEEKENDS, YOU
CAN GET AN OUTWARD TOLL COMPLETING TRUNK AS WELL AS
PERFORMING OTHER TEST AND ROUTING FUNCTIONS. YOU DO THIS
BY USING THREE DIGIT CODES THAT ARE INVALID
EXCHANGES(NOT OF THE PATTERN NNX[SEE NOTE 1]). DURING THE
SIXITES THE CODES USED WERE FAIRLY STANDARD AND
CONSISTENT, HOWEVER WHEN THE BOXES BECAME POPULAR AND
THE PHREAKS STARTED DOING THINGS LIKE ROUTING ALL CALLS
FROM DALLAS TO FT. WORTH VIA WASHINGTON D.C. MOTHER
STARTED CHANGING THE TEST CODES ON A RANDOM(AS FAR AS I
KNOW) BASIS. WHAT I WOULD SUGGEST IS THAT EVERYBODY
INTERESTED IN DOING THIS SORT OF THING PICK OUT A NICE
QUIET LITTLE OFFICE SOMEWHERE AND WORK ON DISCOVERING
THE CODES ACCEPTABLE TO THAT OFFICE.
EACH NUMBERING PLAN AREA(NPA, ALSO KNOWN AS AREA CODE)
HAS ALL OF THE OTHER TOLL OFFICES IN THE AREA AS WELL AS
SERVING AS A CONCENTRATION POINT FOR MOST OUT OF AREA
CALLS. TO ACCESS THE SERVICES OF A NON-MASTER OFFICE YOU
NEED IT'S 'CITY CODE', THIS IS A THREE(3) DIGIT CODE THAT IS
OF THE FORM 0XX, AND IS SENT AFTER THE AREA CODE[SEE NOTE
2]. AS AN EXAMPLE, THE 'CITY CODE' FOR CANTON, OHIO IS 042;
THUS TO REACH THE INWARD OPERATOR IN CANTON, YOU WOULD
SEND 'KP-216-042-121-ST' WHERE AS IF YOU WANTED THE
INWARD OPERATOR IN CLEVELAND, YOU WOULD SEND 'KP-216-
121-ST'. THE REASON THIS IS NECESSARY IS THAT THE
OPERATOR IN CLEVELAND CAN'T VERIFY A NUMBER IN CANTON,
SO IF YOU WANT TO VERIFY SOMEONE IN CANTON YOU NEED THE
CITY CODE. ALSO, MOST AREA MASTER OFFICES HAVE DEDICATED
DATA TRUNKS TO THE NETWORK CONTROL CENTER AND THUS
DON'T ACCEPT TEST AND REROUTING COMMANDS OVER THE
SWITCHED NET- WORK.
IN CONCLUSION, THE SWITCHING NETWORK WILL DO A LOT MORE
FOR YOU THEN CONNECT YOU TO PEOPLE AND THE SMALL OFFICES
THAT REQUIRE A 'CITY CODE' ARE THE TYPE OF OFFICE TO TRY TO
BREAK. NICKIE HAFLINGER, THE COVEN.
NOTE 1: THE NORMAL FORMAT FOR TELEPHONE NUMBERS IS AS
FOLLOWS: NYN/NNX-XXXX. WHERE N=ANY DIGIT EXCEPT 1 AND 0;
Y=0 OR 1, AND X=ANY DIGIT. YES I KNOW THAT IN SOME AREA
CODES THE NNX FORMAT HAS CHANGED TO NXX. THIS IS A NEW
OCCURRENCE AND ONLY OCCUR WHERE THERE HAS BE AN
OUTRAGEOUS POPULATION INCREASE IN THE LAST FEW YEARS
AND ALL OF THE FUNNY EXCHANGES ARE CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO
MASTER OFFICES AND THUS DON'T CONFLICT WITH THE 'CITY
CODE' FORMAT. NOTE 2: YOU CAN OBTAIN THE 'CITY CODE' FOR A
NUMBER BY CALLING RATE AND ROUTE AND ASKING FOR THE
'NUMBERS ROUTE' TO NYN/NNX(I.E. 914/725). OR IF YOU LEAVE ME
A MESSAGE WITH THE AREA CODE AND FIRST THREE OF A
NUMBER, I WILL GET YOU THE 'CITY CODE'.
THIS BULLETIN WILL DEAL ONLY WITH THE BASIC CONTRUCTION,
WOULD LIKE TO KNOW THE SPECIFIC JOB OF ANY PART IN THE
CIRCUIT JUST WRITE ME A MSG AND I WILL
BE GLAD TO ANSWER IT.
WE ALL KNOW THAT THE TOUCH TONES FREQUENCIES ARE
COMPOSED OF TWO TONES (TWO DIFFERENT FREQS.) SO THAT IS
THE REASON WHY WE HAVE 2 VCO'S ( VOLTAGE CONTROLLED
OSCILATORS). WE WILL CALL THESE VCO#1 AND VCO#2. IF YOU
HAVE NOTICED VCO#1 ANS VCO#2 ARE EXACTLY THE SAME TYPE
OF CIRCUITS. THAT IS WHY ONLY ONE WAS DRAWN. BUT
REMEMBER THAT WHATEVER GOES FOR VCO#1 ALSO GOES FOR
VCO#2. BOTH VCO'S ARE COMPOSED OF A HANDFULL OF PARTS.
ONE CHIP TWO CAPACITORS 2 RESISTORS AND FIVE
POTENTIOMETERS. ALL OF THIS WILL GIVE YOU (WHEN PROPERLY
CALIBRATED) ONE OF THE FREQS. NECESSARY (THE OTHER ONE
WILL COME FROM VCO#2) FOR THE OPERATION OF THE BB. BOTH
OF THESE FREQS. WILL BE MIXED IN THE SPEAKER THUS
FORMING THE REQUIRED TONE.
WHY?. BECAUSE OTHER DESIGNS WILL DRAIN THE BATTERY AFTER
10 - CALLS! THIS DESIGN WILL MAKE THEM LAST 10 MONTHS!!!!!!.
BUT NEVER THE LESS DON'T FORGET TO PUT IN A SWITCH FOR ON
AND OFF. OK LET'S BUILD THE TWO VCO'S AND CALIBRATE THE
UNIT BEFORE WE GET TO THE KEYBOARD CONTRUCTION.
VCO CONTRUCTION
=== ===========
TOOLS REQUIRED
1 OCILLISCOPE (RECOMENDED BUT NOT REQUIRED)
1 FREQ. COUNTER (REQUIRED)
1 VOLT METER " " "
ELECTRONICS TOOLS (PLIERS,DRILL, SCREWDRIVERS, ETC)
PARTS
R2 1K RESISTOR 5%
C1 .1UF ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR 16VDC
C2 .01UF ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR (MYLAR) 16VDC
IC1 2207 VCO CHIP BY EXAR ELECTRINICS
REMEMBER THE ABOVE IT IS ONLY FOR VCO#1 BUT THE SAME
GOES FOR VCO#2.
R3-R4 150 OHM RESISTORS 5%
C3-C4 .1 UF ELECTROLITIC CAPACITOR 10VDC
P1-P10 200K TRIMMER POT - 20 TURNS
DIODES USED IN THE KEYBOARD ARE 1N914 TYPE (40 OF THEM)
AND 13 SWITCHES FOR THE KEYBOARD SPST. MOMENTARY.
SPKR= YOU CAN USE A TELEPHONE SPEAKER FOR THIS(IT WORKS
BEST) BUT REMEMBER TO TAKE OUT THE DIODE THAT IS
CONNECTED ACCROSS IT.
IMPORTANT NOTES
2 PINS 10,9,8 SHOULD BE TIED TOGETHER AND BE LEFT
FLOATING. 3 ALL RESISTOR SHOULD BE 5%! NOTHING ELSE
4 A TELEPHONE SPEAKER GIVES THE BEST RESULTS
TROUBLE SHOOTING
BY NOW YOU SHOULD HAVE CONSTRUCTED THE TWO VCO'S ON A
BREAD BOARD OR ANYTHING THAT PLEASES YOU.
CHECK FOR COLD SOLDER JOINTS, BROKEN WIRES, POLARITY OF
THE BATTERY, ETC.........
BEFORE WE APPLY POWER TO THE VCO'S WE HAVE TO ADJUST
THE POTS FOR THEIR HALF WAY TRAVEL POINT. THIS IS DONE BY
TURNING THEM 21 TURNS TO THE RIGHT AND THEN 10 TURNS TO
THE LEFT. DO THE SAME FOR ALL TEN OF THEM.
IN THE CHIPS BY PUTTING THE POSITIVE LEAD OF YOUR VOLT
METER ON PIN 7 AND THE NEGATIVE LEAD ON PIN 12. IF YOU
DON'T HAVE ANYTHING THERE TURN OFF THE UNIT ANT RECHECK
THE WIRING.
WHEN YOU GET THE RIGHT VOLTAGES ON THE CHIPS, CONNECT A
DIODE TO A PIECE OF WIRE (LOOK AT FIG. 2 FOR THE
ORIENTATION OF THE DIODE) FROM GROUND TO ANY POT AT POINT
T (LOOK CAREFULLY AT THE SCHEMATIC FOR POINT T IT IS
LABELED T1-T10 FOR ALL POTS) YOU SHOLD BE ABLE TO HEAR A
TONE, IF NOT DISSCONNECT THE LEAD AND PLACE THE SPEAKER
CLOSE TO YOUR EAR AND IF YOU HEAR A CHIRP LIKE SOUND, THIS
MEANS THAT THE TWO VCO'S ARE WORKING IF YOU DON'T, IT
MEANS THAT EITHER ONE OR BOTH OF THE VCO'S IS DEAD. SO IN
THIS CASE IT IS ALLWAYS GOOD TO HAVE AN OCILLOSCOPE ON
HAND.
DISCONNECT THE SPEAKER FROM THE CIRCUIT AND HOOKUP THE
OCILLISCOPE TO ONE OF THE LEADS OF THE SPEAKER AND THE
GROUND FROM THE SCOPE TO THE GROUND OF THE BATTERY.
CONNECT AGAIN THE GROUND LEAD WITH THE DIODE CONNECTED
TO IT FROM GROUND TO ANY POT ON THE VCO THAT YOU ARE
CHECKING AND YOU SHOULD SEE A TRIANGLE WAVE UNTIL YOU
SEE IT. WHEN YOU DO SEE IT DO THE THE SAME FOR THE OTHER
VCO TO MAKE SURE IT IS WORKING. (AMPLITUDE IS ABOUT 2VAC)
WHEN YOU GET THE TWO VCO'S WORKING YOU ARE SET FOR THE
ADJUSTMENT OF THE INDIVIDUALS POTS...
ADJUSTMENT
DISCONNECT THE SPEAKER FROM THE CIRCUIT AND CONNECT A
FREQ. COUNTER (THE POSITIVE LEAD OF THE COUNTER TO ONE OF
THE SPEAKERS LEADS THAT BELONGS TO VCO#1 OR CONNECT IT
TO PIN 14).
CONNECT THE NEGATIVE LEAD TO THE BATTERY NEGATIVE AND
CONNECT THE JUMPER LEAD WITH THE DIODE FROM GROUND TO
POT NUMBER 1 T1 .( THE FIRST POT NUMBER 1 POINT T1) IF YOU
GOT IT WORKING YOU SHOULD HEAR A TONE AND GET A READING
ON THE COUNTER. ADJUST THE POT FOR A FREQ. OF 1700HZ AND
CONTINUE DOING THE SAME FOR POTS 2-5 EXCEPT THAT THEY
GET DIFFERENTS FREQS.
P1= 1700HZ
P2= 1300HZ
P3= 1100HZ
P4= 900HZ
P5= 1500HZ
NOW DISCONNECT THE FREQ. COUNTER FROM THE SPEAKER LEAD
OF VCO#1 OR FROM PIN 14 (WHICH EVER YOU HAD IT ATTACHED
TO AT THE BEGINNING) AND CONNECT IT TO THE SPEAKER LEAD
OF VCO#2 OR TO PIN 14 OF VCO#2 AND PERFORM THE SAME
ADJUSTMENTS TO P6-10.
P6= 1100HZ
P7= 700HZ
P8= 900HZ
P9= 2600HZ MAGIC NUMBER!!!!!
P10= 1500HZ
WHEN YOU FINISH DOING ALL OF THE POT GO BACK AND RECHECK
THEM
KEYBOARD
IF YOU LOOK AT FIG-2 YOU WILL SEE THAT THE KEYS ARE SIMPLE
SWITCHES CONNECTED TO GROUND AND TWO DIODES ON THE
OTHER END. THESE DIODES ARE USED TO SIMPLIFY THE
CONSTRUCTION OF THE KEYBOARD BECAUSE OTHERWISE THE
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROUND SIGNAL FOR BOTH VCO'S WOULD
HAVE BEEN DONE MECHANICALLY. ONE DIODE WILL GO TO VCO#1
AND THE OTHER WILL GO TO VCO#2. FIG-3 SHOWS THE
ARRANGEMENT OF THE KEYS ON
THE KEYBOARD.
BELOW IS A TABLE THAT WILL HELP YOU CONNECT THE KEYS TO
REQUIRED VCO'S POTS.
TO TO FREQ OUT FREQ OUT KEY
POT ON VCO1 POT ON VCO2 PIN 14 VCO1 PIN 14 VCO
C 1 6 1700 1100
0 2 10 1300 1500
E 1 10 1700 1500
2 3 7 1100 700
3 3 8 1100 900
4 2 7 1300 700
5 2 8 1300 900
6 2 6 1300 1100
7 5 7 1500 700
8 5 8 1500 900
9 5 6 1500 1100
X - 9 ---- 2600
******************************************************************
REMEMBER THAT FIG-2 IT IS THE SAME FOR EACH KEY
EXCEPT THE "X" WHICH ONLY TAKES ONE DIODE.
******************************************************************
AS A FINAL WORD YOU CAN BUILD THIS IN ANY TYPE OF
ENCLOSURE AND SHOULD NEVER BE USED TO MAKE FREE CALLS
USING THE TELEPHONE LINES.
I HOPE THIS BULLETIN WILL CLEAR ANY QUESTION YOU MAY
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION PLEASE LEAVE ME A MSG. AND I WILL
BE VERY GLAD TO ANSWER IT.
TXS MR. AMERICA
PS. I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY KEYBOARD, MY FINGERS, AND ME
FOR HELPING ME WRITTE THIS BULLETTIN. WITHOUT THEIR HELP I
WOULD HAVE NEVER FINISH THIS PROJECT.
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:
A treat in pro-
Enhanced German
readouts & faqs
ie. d'followins
for 'm enhanced
German speaka's
i N h A L T
<:> "Phreaker" telefonieren kostenlos.. BlueBoxing in Germany
<-> Haeufig gestellten Fragen rund um das Telefonnetz + Antworten
<*> Chipkartentechnik
<#> Aufbau der Telefonkarte...
<+> Testnummer der Telekom --- 117755 + (Eigene) Nummer
<%> Telekom Service 0180
-------------------------------------------
"Phreaker" telefonieren kostenlos..
BLUE-BOXING -- Hacker und Telefonsuechtige machen's
kostenlos.
Service 0130 ist die Zauberformel fuer kostenlose
Telefonate mit dem
Onkel in Amerika! "Phreaker" nennen sie sich - eine
eigene
weltumspannende Telefonzentrale haben sie im Wohnzimmer.
Der Traum
eines jeden BTXler oder Alptraum der Deutschen
Bundespost?
*TELEMAG# hat sich fuer Sie schlau gemacht. Lesen Sie
ueber Technik,
Prinzip und Hintergruende des BLUE-BOXING.
Bericht wird laufend aktualisiert!
Uebersicht
1. Service 0130 Sicherheitsloch
2. Was ist Blue-Boxing?
3. "PHREAKER" und "LAMER"
4. Kriminell so oder so
5. Auch in Deutschland geht's
6. Tausende machen's in der Nacht
7. CCITT Nr.5 - SDI gibt's spaeter
8. Ein Millionendeal! Fuer wen?
9. Wie funktioniert es denn?
10. Computer, Anlage oder Tongeber
11. Mal ausprobieren?
12. Blue-Box Gangster im BTX?
Service 0130 der TELEKOM
Service 0130 heisst der inlaendische 'toll-free'-Service
der Bundespost TELEKOM. Bereits einige hundert
Versandhaeuser bieten ihren Kunden den Service 0130 -
zwecks telef. Bestellung kann man
voellig gebuehrenfrei seine Anliegen beim Anbieter
abladen. Natuerlich gibt es diesen Service auch fuer's
Ausland. Grosse Konzerne koennen via 0130-Nummer von
Ihren Mitarbeitern aus Deutschland kostenlos kontaktiert
werden.
Die Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten des Service 0130 sind sehr
vielfaeltig. Die anfallenden Gebuehreneinheiten werden
IMMER vom Angerufenen uebernommen.
'Toll-Free'Nummern (wie den inlaendischen 0130-Service)
gibt es inzwischen auf der ganzen Welt. In Deutschland
seit etwa 5 Jahren.
Ausfuehrliche Infos finden sich im BTX-Programm der
TELEKOM ab Seite 20000. Und jetzt zum Thema ...
Was ist BLUE-BOXING?
Kurz gesagt: Blue-Boxing ist kostenloses telefonieren.
Seit ueber 10 Jahren in den USA praktiziert, wird dieses
(illegale) Unterfangen auch bei uns in Deutschland immer
beliebter. Die herkoemmliche BLUE- BOX ist nichts weiter,
als ein kleiner akustischer Signalgeber, mit dem sich
weltweit die Systeme der groessten Telefongesellschaften
austricksen lassen. Hierzu spaeter noch mehr ...
Im Zeitalter der Computer scheint das Blue-Boxing immer
mehr als Kavaliersdelikt abgetan zu werden.
Computerfreaks und Hacker arbeiten inzwischen mit einer
Technik, die an Schaltzentralen erinnert - mit einem
einzigen Anruf per Computer geht's nach Amerika, von dort
weiter nach Taiwan und dann wieder zur Oma nach
Deutschland!
Kostenlos versteht sich.
Inband-Signalling gemaess CCITT Nr.5 ist ihr Zauberwort,
welches den Telefongesellschaften Gewinne UND Verluste
einbringt. Verlierer sind auslaendische
Telefongesellschaften und auch einige 'Toll-Free'-Kunden
im Ausland. Aufgrund der Zahlungsfaehigkeit der
auslaendischen Gesellschaften darf man sich fragen, ob
die Bundespost TELEKOM an der strafrechtlichen Verfolgung
deutscher "PHREAKS" (so nenen sich die Phone-Freaks)
interessiert ist. Klar ist: Bis Mitte des Jahres wurde
offiziell die gesamte Problematik in Frage gestellt.
Weil's ganz gut laeuft ????
"PHREAKER" oder "LAMER"?
Das Ausmass der Blue-Box-Problematik macht wohl folgendes
deutlich: Computerfreaks bezeichnen sich bereits als
"Phone-Freaks" wenn sie die internationalen Netze im
Griff haben. "LAME" hingegen ist, wer zum kostenlosen
telefonieren lediglich eine Musikkassette oder einen
Tongeber (aehnlich der Fernabfrage eines
Anrufbeantworters) einsetzt. Inzwischen sind Blue-Box-
Programme sogar per BTX-Telesoftware erhaeltlich. Die
Rechtslage?
Kriminell so oder so
Natuerlich ist Blue-Boxing keinesfalls als
Kavaliersdelikt abzutun. Schliesslich werden durch
Umgehung vorbestimmter Verfahren (Gebuehrenzaehler usw.)
Dritte geschaedigt. Detaillierte Auskuenfte zur
Rechtslage duerfen wir nicht geben, jedoch muss davon
ausgegangen werden, dass Blue-Boxing in der Zukunft
anders geahndet wird, als dies bislang der Fall war. Die
Bundespost verspricht derzeit auch technische Abhilfe,
die ueber sog. digitale Frequenzfilter realisiert werden
soll. Insider haben jedoch schon jetzt eine neue Loesung
zur Umgehung dieser Signalsperren parat. Und die
weltweite Umstellung der
Netze auf das sog. Outband-Signalling duerfte - sofern
ueberhaupt - innerhalb der naechsten 15 Jahre nicht
realisierbar sein. Trotzdem ist und bleibt das Blue-
Boxing eine strafbare Handlung; vor Nachahmung oder auch
dem Versuch der Nachahmung sei hier gewarnt ..
Auch in Deutschland geht's Urspruenglich nur in den USA
praktiziert, ist die Blue-Box-Praktik in allen
Variationen seit einigen Jahren auch in Deutschland recht
beliebt. Insider der Blue-Box-Szene ( die gibt es
wirklich) machen selbst immer wieder einmal mobil gegen
Nachahmung - zum Schutz der Blue-Boxer verbreiten sie
sogar Geruechte ueber Fangschaltungen der Polizei, die
sich gegen ihresgleichen richten. Als Abschreckung - es
soll nur einige wenige Insider geben. An die
öffentlichkeit getragen, waeren die inlaendischen 0130
('Toll-Free')-Nummern wohl sehr bald ueberlastet. Auch
seitens der deutschen Telefongesellschaft muss in diesem
Fall wohl bald gehandelt werden. Bis vor etwa 4 Wochen
wurde BLUE-BOXING von der Bundespost noch fuer unmoeglich
deklariert. Gewinne in Millionenhoehe duerften jedoch
eine Anzahl weiterer Fragen aufwerfen. Zweifelsohne ist
hier eine Stellungnahme unumgaenglich ..
Tausende machen's in der Nacht
Mit an Sicherheit grenzender Wahrscheinlichkeit gibt es
in Deutschland einige tausend BLUE-BOXER, die sich Nachts
um den Erdball waehlen. Neue Software aus US-Mailboxen
und aktuelle Bullettins aus Australien sind mit einem
guten Modem schnell zu holen. Man hat uns vorgemacht, wie
einfach sowas ist. Ueber den Zustand des
Gebuehrenzaehlers vergisst man schnell, den Mund wieder
zuzumachen.
Und es ist so unglaublich einfach:
CCITT Nr. 5 - SDI spaeter
CCITT Nr.5 arbeitet im Gegensatz zur Spezifikation Nr.7
mit Inband-
Signalling, d. h. alle Steuerungsfunktionen einer
Telefonverbindung
werden mit einfachen Tonsignalen realisiert. Einem
halbwegs
versierten Elektroniker duerfte es ohne Probleme moeglich
sein, die
Spezifikationen dieser Signalgebung zu durchschauen. Ohne
weiteres
lassen sich Kommandos wie "Gegenstelle hat aufgelegt"
oder aehnliche
dann durch die Leitung schicken. Damit ist hier
natuerlich keine
Loesung zum kostenlosen Telefonieren aufgezeigt, jedoch
wird
deutlich, was Tausende von Ingenieuren weltweit
uebersehen haben:
Eine Sicherheitsluecke von unbeschreiblichen Ausmassen.
Man stelle
sich vor, was bei heutigen Satellitenverbindungen noch
alles moeglich
sein koennte ... Soeben konnte der Presse entnommen
werden, dass die
Bundespost TELEKOM jetzt Strafantrag gegen unbekannt
gestellt hat ...
Ein Millionendeal! Fuer wen?
... davon reden, wie sie sich gebuehrenfrei einwaehlen
konnten.
Inzwischen werden die Kapazitaeten dieses
Konferenzsystemes wieder
erweitert, man freut sich ueber den regen Andrang! Bei
Telefongesellschaft UND Betreiber!
Hinter dem Kommentar "Problematik erkannt" duerfte sich niemand
weiter verstecken koennen. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache ist wohl
umfassen- de Aufklaerung gefragt. Klar ist, dass deutsche 0130-
Kunden nicht von den Hackern und "Phreaks" geschaedigt werden,
dennoch wird zweifelsohne eine gewisse Unsicherheit deutlich, die
hier unbedingt zum Handeln zwingt.
ACHTUNG: An dieser Stelle sei nocheinmal angemerkt, dass wir keinerlei
Anleitung zum gebuehrenfreien (und strafrechtl. verbotenen)
telefonieren geben. Sofern Sie in besagtem Konferenzsystem Kenntnis
erlangen: BLUE-BOXING ist strafbar!
Wie funktioniert es denn ??
Eine detaillierte Anleitung zum gebuehrenfreien telefonieren wollen
wir Ihnen natuerlich nicht geben. Aber wir zeigen klipp und klar,wie
es tausende machen!!
Das Prinzip ist denkbar einfach: Mit simplen Tonsignalen aus Computer,
Stereoanlage oder umgebauter Anrufbeantworter-Fernabfrage kommt man
leicht zum Ziel.
Presseagenturen machen z. Zt. zwar mobil gegen einige wenige nord-
deutsche Computerfreaks, jedoch muss angemerkt werden, dass das
sog. Blue-Boxing keinesfalls eine Domaene der Computer-
Anwender ist.
Nutzer von Telefonkonferenzen und Voice-Mailboxen zeichnen da ein
ganz anderes Bild, wenn sie mit Ihrer Kenntnis um die Telefonnetze
prahlen.Inzwischen sind es tausende, die sich vor den Telefongebuehren
druecken! Laut Auskunft der Telekom ist man mehr geneigt,
dieses nicht
an die Oeffentlichkeit gelangen zu lassen. Aber jetzt nochmal zum
Service 0130 ... des gesamten Vorganges ist der Anrufer (der
"Blue-Boxer") mit der Service-Nummer verbunden und zahlt nicht eine
einzige Einheit. Varianten dieses Vorganges gehen bis hin zur
Nutzung von Auslands-Gateways, mit deren Hilfe man sich im Direktwahl-
verfahren oder Handvermittelt wieder nach Deutschland (oder sonstwo)
einwaehlen kann. So kann man selbst seinen Untermieter "mal eben"
ueber ->USA->Taiwan->BRD anrufen. Umsonst! Das dieser Missstand
foermlich zum Experimentieren einlaedt, ist wohl kein Wunder.
Natuerlich muss hier schnellstens Abhilfe geschaffen werden!
Seitens der Bundespost hat man ja endlich das "Problem erkannt",
Abhilfe in absehbarer Zeit ist jedoch wohl nicht unbedingt zu erwarten.
Unseres Erachtens ist jedoch eine schnelle Loesung des Problemes
erforderlich, will man nicht die Gelegenheit beim Schopfe packen und
Computerfreaks kriminalisieren ...
Computer, Anlage oder Tongeber?
Zurueck zur Praxis: In welcher Form die wundersamen Toene
erzeugt werden, spielt letztendlich nur eine
untergeordnete Rolle. Funktionieren wird alles!!!
Gewitzte "suechtige" Phone-Freaks waehlen ihr bevorzugtes
Konferenzsystem inzwischen mit einer vorgefertigten
Musikkassette an. Kopfhoerer ans Telefon, und sofort kann
es losgehen. Natuerlich wird auch hier fleissig
"weitergereicht". Ein Verbindungsaufbau in dieser Form
dauert ca.30 Sekunden.
Mal ausprobieren?
Davon koennen wir nur abraten. Beim BLUE-BOXING duerfte
es sich zweifelsohne um eine Straftat gemaess StGB
handeln. Einer dpa-
Meldung war in den letzten Tagen zu entnehmen, dass
seitens der Bundespost TELEKOM Strafantrag gegen
Unbekannt gestellt wurde. Die TELEKOM ist zwar nicht
unbedingt benachteiligt - Geld bekommt sie ja -, jedoch
duerfte mit einer oeffentlichen Diskussion ein gewisser
Interessenkonflikt eingetreten sein.
Blue-Box Gangster im BTX?
Wie kriminell ist's denn eigentlich? Liegt eine Einladung
der Telefongesellschaften vor? Das System CCITT Nr.5
scheint viele Fragen aufzuwerfen!
Uebrigens: Sogar BTX-Anbieter haben keinerlei Skrupel,
BLUE-BOX-
Software in Form von Telesoftware bereitzustellen. Ein
voll funktionsfaehiges Programm fuer AMIGA-Computer ist
per BTX schnell aufzutreiben. --------------------
by pannier#cs.tu-berlin.de
--- Aus BTX - Meyer Datentechnik vom 06.09.1992 ---
--------------------------------------------
Dies ist eine Liste von haeufig gestellten Fragen mit
zugehoerigen
Antworten rund um das Telefonnetz, Telefone und
Telefonieren.
Ergaenzungsvorschlaege und Korrekturen sind immer
willkommen. Bitte solche an telefon-faq#krefcom.GUN.de
richten (FAX: 02151/396479).
Fuer die Richtigkeit der Angaben wird keine Gewaehr
uebernommen.
Als Warenzeichen geschuetze Woerter sind hier durch das
(R) Zeichen gekennzeichnet. Etwaiges Fehlen dieses
Zeichens bietet keine Gewaehr dafuer, dass es sich um ein
Freiwort handelt, das von Jedermann benutzt werden darf.
(c) Copyright 1993 Jan Richert, Krefeld
Verbreitung in unveraenderter Form in Mailboxen
und Datennetzen gestattet
* Lohnt sich der Einsatz von GSM-Karten auslaendischer
Netzbetreiber
in
Deutschland anstelle einer D1 oder D2-Karte?
* Wie fuehre ich Selbstgespraeche?
* Welche Laenderkennungen gelten im
Selbstwaehlferndienst?
* Was muss ich beim Absetzen von Notrufen beachten?
* Wie fuehre ich Seefunkgespraeche?
* Wie fuehre ich Gespraeche mit Rheinschiffen?
* Wie waehle ich eine Nummer, die mit "+" beginnt?
* Wie hoch kann eine Telefonrechnung maximal werden?
* Meine Telefonrechnung erscheint mir zu hoch. Was kann
ich tun?
* Ich kann mit Mehrfrequenzwahl waehlen.
Welche Bedeutung haben hier die Tasten *, #, A, B, C und
D?
* Wie lange darf ich hoechstens telefonieren, um von
einer Fangschaltung nicht gefangen zu werden?
* Gibt es ein Geraet, welches mir die Rufnummer des
Anrufers anzeigt?
* Werden die von mir angerufenen Nummern in der
Vermittlungsstelle
gespeichert?
* Was ist Blue-Boxing?
* Handvermittlung. Gibt es die noch, wozu ist sie gut,was
kostet sie?
* Wie bediene ich Funktionen wie Anklopfen, Weiterleiten,
... (ANIS)?
* Wie kann ich eine 800er Nummer in den USA anrufen?
* Wie sind die Frequenzen der Mehrfrequenzwahltoene
festgelegt?
* Wie werden TAE-Dosen angeschlossen?
* Wie sind TAE-Stecker belegt?
* Ich hoere vor allem bei Ferngespraechen regelmaessig
einen stoerenden, kurzen, hohen Ton in der Leitung. Was
kann man dagegen tun?
* Warum funktioniert der Gebuehrenzaehler an meinem
Telefon nicht?
* Kann ich mit Mehrfrequenzwahl (MFV/Tone Dial (R))
waehlen?
* Wie stelle ich fest,ob ich an einer digitalen
Ortsvermittlungsstelle angeschlossen bin?
* Kann ich eine Auflistung der von mir angerufenen
Rufnummern bekommen?
* Was kostet das Telefonieren mit Telefonkarten?
* Was kosten Selbstwahlgespraeche ins Ausland?
* Was ist Deutschland Direkt?
* Wie erreiche ich Operatoren in anderen Laendern?
* Wie kann ich ueber AT&T (R), MCI (R) und US SPRINT (R)
telefonieren?
* Was sind P-Gespraeche?
* Welche Laender sind noch nicht per Selbstwahl
erreichbar?
* Sind R-Gespraeche moeglich?
* Gibt es Telefonkonferenzen? Was kosten diese?
* Was kostet eine Fangschaltung? Was bringt sie?
* Wie lang ist eine Tarifeinheit bei Gespraechen mit
Sondernummern bzw. Teilnehmern mit Sondervorwahlnummern?
* Was kostet ein Telefongespraech zu einer Standardnummer
in Deutschland?
Was kostet ein Telefongespraech zu einer Standardnummer
in Deutschland?
Die Abrechnung erfolgt ueber Tarifeinheiten zu 23 Pfennig
(bei oeffentlichen Fernsprechstellen koennen abweichende
Gebuehren erhoben werden). Die Gespraechsdauer fuer eine
Tarifeinheit betraegt fuer:
8-18 Uhr 18-8 Uhr
================
Gespraeche im Ortsnetz 360 Sekunden 720 Sekunden
Gespraeche in der Nahzone 360 Sekunden 720 Sekunden
Gespraeche in der Regionalzone 60 Sekunden 120 Sekunden
Gespraeche in der Weitzone 21 Sekunden 42 Sekunden
Somit ergibt sich in der Zeit von 18-8 Uhr eine Verguenstigung
von 50%. Diese gilt an bundeseinheitlichen Feiertagen, Samstagen,
Sonntagen sowie am 24.12. und 31.12. ganztaegig.
Wie lang ist eine Tarifeinheit bei Gespraechen mit
Sondernummern bzw. Teilnehmern mit Sondervorwahlnummern?
Sondervorwahl 8-18 Uhr 18-8 Uhr
=========================================
00871 0,7 Sekunden 0,7 Sekunden
00872 0,7 Sekunden 0,7 Sekunden
00873 0,7 Sekunden 0,7 Sekunden
00874 0,7 Sekunden 0,7 Sekunden
0130 -gebuehrenfrei-
0131 -gebuehrenfrei-
0137 21 Sekunden 42 Sekunden
0138 21 Sekunden 42 Sekunden
0161 11,5 Sekunden 28,2 Sekunden
0164 50 Sekunden 75 Sekunden
0168 50 Sekunden 75 Sekunden
0171 ca. 10,53 Sekunden ca.26,54 Sekunden
0172 ca. 9,93 Sekunden ca.24,64 Sekunden
01802 360 Sekunden 720 Sekunden
01803 60 Sekunden 120 Sekunden
01805 21 Sekunden 42 Sekunden
0190 12 Sekunden 12 Sekunden
Sondernummer 8-18 Uhr ==== 18-8 Uhr
0010 -gebuehrenfrei-
00118 -gebuehrenfrei-
010 -gebuehrenfrei-
01113 -gebuehrenfrei-
01170 -gebuehrenfrei-
01171 -gebuehrenfrei-
01172 -gebuehrenfrei-
01174 -gebuehrenfrei-
110 ACHTUNG Notruf -gebuehrenfrei-
112 ACHTUNG Notruf -gebuehrenfrei-
1170 -gebuehrenfrei-
1171 -gebuehrenfrei-
1172 -gebuehrenfrei-
1174 -gebuehrenfrei-
01721212 -gebuehrenfrei-
11101 endlos endlos
11102 endlos endlos
11103 endlos endlos
01188 360 Sekunden 720 Sekunden
01691 50 Sekunden 75 Sekunden
016951 8 Sekunden 20 Sekunden
016952 8 Sekunden 20 Sekunden
Was kostet eine Fangschaltung? Was bringt sie?
Die Kosten fuer das Feststellen ankommender Verbindungen
betragen:
* am 1. Tag DM 20,-
* 2.-4. Tag DM 10,-
* 5.-9. Tag DM 5,-
* weitere Tage DM 1,-
Sie erhalten:
* Rufnummern der registrierten Anschluesse, soweit im
Telefonbuch
eingetragen
* Name und Anschrift der Teilnehmer oder Standort der
Telefonzelle
* Datum und Uhrzeit der erfassten Verbindungen
Gibt es Telefonkonferenzen? Was kosten diese?
Konferenzen mit bis zu drei Teilnehmern koennen von ISDN-
Teilnehmern und ANIS-Teilnehmern (siehe Frage 22) selbst
hergestellt werden. Hier wird der Regionaltarif als
Konferenzzuschlag berechnet.
Die TELEKOM (R) will schrittweise in grossen Orten unter
der Rufnummer 19500 (ggf. Folgenummern)
Telefonkonferenzen einrichten, die jedermann zum
Normaltarif anwaehlen kann. Alle Teilnehmer, die
gleichzeitig eine dieser Nummern anrufen werden
automatisch miteinander verbunden. Die 19500 ist im
Moment z.B. in Koeln (Vorwahl 0221) geschaltet. In Dueren
ist unter 02421/2020 bis 2025 ein ebensolches
Konferenzsystem erreichbar.
Konferenzen mit individuellen Teilnehmern koennen
kostenlos unter 0130/0161 oder per FAX unter 0130/0162
angemeldet werden. Es werden maximal 15 Teilnehmer
verschaltet. Die Konferenz sollte mindestens 30 Minuten
vor Beginn angemeldet werden. Dabei muss angegeben
werden: Die eigene Rufnummer, die Rufnummern der
Konferenzteilnehmer, der Konferenztermin und die
voraussichtliche Konferenzdauer.
Die Gebuehren (Inland):
* Grundpreis: DM 3,75 Operator + DM 9,50
* je Anschluss und Minute DM 0,69
Sind R-Gespraeche moeglich?
Seit 1.7.93 sind R-Gespraeche innerhalb Deutschlands
wieder moeglich. Diese koennen unter 010 angemeldet
werden.
International sind R-Gespraeche nur in bestimmte und von
bestimmten Laendern aus moeglich. R-Gespraeche ins
Ausland meldet man unter 0010 bei der TELEKOM (R) oder
beim Operator einer anderen Telefongesellschaft an (siehe
Frage 9).
Welche Laender sind noch nicht per Selbstwahl erreichbar?
Folgende Laender sind nur ueber die Handvermittlung
(0010) erreichbar:
Komoren, Mayotte, Midway, Mongolei, Afghanistan, Niue,
Tristan da Cunha, Tuvalu, Wake, Wallis und Futuna.
Zu diesen Laendern wird kein Telefondienst zur Verfuegung
gestellt: Pitcairn-Inseln
Was sind P-Gespraeche?
P-Gespraeche werden unter 0010 (TELEKOM (R)) oder beim
Operator einer anderen Telefongesellschaft angemeldet.
Sie geben den Namen der Person an, mit der Sie im Ausland
sprechen moechten. Erst wenn der Operator diese Person
erreicht hat, wird die Verbindung hergestellt und nur in
diesem Fall ist der Anruf gebuehrenpflichtig.
Ist der Gespraechspartner nicht erreichbar, so kann er
per Boten zu einer oeffentlichen Kommunikationsstelle
gerufen werden
(PB-Gespraech).
Wie kann ich ueber AT&T (R), MCI (R) und US SPRINT (R)
telefonieren?
AT&T (R), MCI (R) und US SPRINT (R) sind wohl die drei
groessten US-
amerikanischen Telefongesellschaften. Es gelten folgende
kostenlose
Telefonnummern:
Operator Automatik Customer Service
AT&T (R) 0130/0010 0130/0011 0130/838888
MCI (R) 0130/0012 0130/815417
US SPRINT(R) 0130/0013 069/6668017
Bei den Operatoren koennen Gespraeche in bestimmte
Laender angemeldet werden. Jedermann kann auf diesem Weg
R-Gespraeche anmelden. Andere Gespraeche werden ueber
eine spezielle Buchungs- karte abgerechnet, deren Nummer
man vor Verbindungsaufbau dem Operator durchgeben muss.
Eine solche Karte kann beim jeweiligen Customer Service
(s.o.) beantragt werden.
Bisher hat anscheinend nur AT&T (R) eine "Automatik"-
Nummer. Unter dieser Nummer hat man die Moeglichkeit mit
Hilfe eines mehrfrequenz- wahlfaehigen Telefons ohne den
Umweg ueber den Operator zu gehen mit seiner AT&T (R)
Buchungskarte zu telefonieren. Nach der entsprech- enden
Aufforderung die Telefonnummer eintasten. Nach dem
naechsten Signalton gibt man die Buchungskartennummer ein
oder drueckt 0, um den Operator zu rufen (bei R-
Gespraechen).
Wie erreiche ich Operatoren in anderen Laendern?
Unter folgenden Nummern sind kostenlos Operatoren in
vielen Laendern erreichbar. Dort koennen i.d.R. von
jedermann R-Gespraeche in das jeweilige Land angemeldet
werden. Viele Laender ermoeglichen auch
Standardgespraeche, die ueber spezielle Buchungskarten
abgerechnet werden.
Australien 0130/800061 Belgien 0130/800032
Brasilien 0130/800055 Canada 0130/0014
Chile 0130/800056 Hong Kong 0130/800852
Island 0130/800354 Italien 0130/800039
Japan 0130/800081 Korea 0130/800082
Luxemburg 0130/800352 Neuseeland 0130/800064
Portugal 0130/800351 Singapore 0130/800065
Taiwan 0130/800886 Thailand 0130/800066
Tuerkei 0130/800090 GB 0130/800044
Finnland 0130/800358 France 0130/800033
Hungary 0130/800036 Ireland 0130/800353
Netherlands 0130/800031 Norway 0130/800047
Spain 0130/800034 Schweden 0130/800046
Denmark 0130/800045 USA 0130/0010 o. 0012 o. 0013
Malaysia 0130/800060 Philippinen 0130/800063
Costa Rica 0130/800506 Arab.Emir. 0130/800971
Israel 0130/800972
Was ist Deutschland Direkt?
Deutschland Direkt ist ein Service der TELEKOM (R), ueber
welchen Sie aus dem Ausland bargeldlos mit Deutschland
telefonieren koennen. Sie waehlen im Ausland eine (je
nach Land) Servicenummer, ueber welche Sie kostenlos mit
Frankfurt verbunden werden. Von dort koennen Sie sich per
R-Gespraech mit einem Anschluss in Deutschland verbinden
lassen oder unter Angabe Ihrer Buchungs- kartennummer und
eines Kennwortes ein Standardgespraech fuehren.
Deutschland Direkt ist z.Zt. aus 14 Laendern erreichbar,
aus den USA unter der Nummer 1-800-292-0049.
Info: Fernmeldeamt 2, ZKS (DD), Postfach 100012,
Nuernberg
Was kosten Selbstwahlgespraeche ins Ausland?
Die Dauer einer Tarifeinheit betraegt:
Tarifzone 8-18 Uhr 18-8 Uhr
bzw. 8-20 Uhr ----> 20-8 Uhr fuer Laender mit (*)
=============================================================
1 15 Sekunden 20 Sekunden
2 12,6 Sekunden 12,6 Sekunden
3 8,3 Sekunden 8,3 Sekunden
4 4,9 Sekunden 4,9 Sekunden
5 4,65 Sekunden 4,65 Sekunden
Zur Tarifzone 1 gehoeren: Andorra, Belgien, Daenemark,
Faeroer, Frankreich, Griechenland(*), Grossbritannien,
Insel Man, Irland, Italien(*), Kanalinseln,
Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Monaco, Niederlande,
Nordirland, Oesterreich, Polen, Portugal(*), San
Marino(*), Schweiz, Spanien(*), Slowakei, Tschechische
Rep., Vatikanstadt(*).
Die Zugehoerigkeit anderer Laender erfragen Sie unter 00118.
Was kostet das Telefonieren mit Telefonkarten?
Eine Tarifeinheit kostet
- mit einer Karte mit 40 Einheiten: 0,30 DM
- mit einer Karte mit 200 Einheiten: 0,25 DM
- mit einer Telekarte 0,30 DM
- mit einer Kreditkarte 0,30 DM (*)
(*) = Mindestgebuehr 3,- DM
Kann ich eine Auflistung der von mir angerufenen
Rufnummern bekommen?
Wer einen ISDN-Anschluss oder einen analogen
Telefonanschluss an einer digitalen
Ortsvermittlungsstelle (DIV) hat, kann auf Antrag eine
solche Auflistung bekommen. Die fuer den Fall der
analogen Anschluesse an einer DIV bisher bestehenden
daten- schutzrechtlichen Bedenken sind mittlerweile
ausgeraeumt. Wer noch an einer analogen
Ortsvermittlungsstelle angeschlossen ist, kann aus
technischen Gruenden eine solche Auflistung nicht
bekommen.
Gebuehren: Fuer die 1. Seite 12,- DM monatlich, fuer jede
weitere angefangene 1,40 DM.
Auf einer Seite sind maximal 50 Verbindungen aufgefuehrt.
Man kann im Ausnahmefall auch nachtraeglich eine solche Auflistung
anfordern. Die Gebuehr betraegt dann 9,- DM fuer jede Seite.
Wie stelle ich fest, ob ich an einer digitalen
Ortsvermittlungsstelle angeschlossen bin?
Die wohl einfachste Methode ist: Telefonhoerer abnehmen
und die eigene Rufnummer waehlen. Das Besetztzeichen
einer digitalen Vermittlungsstelle hat deutlich laengere
Toene mit kuerzeren Pausen, als das einer analogen
Vermittlungsstelle.
Das geschulte Ohr erkennt die digitale Vermittlungsstelle
schon direkt nach dem Abheben des Hoerers am klareren Freiton.
Da heutzutage MFV an DIVstn i.d.R. freigeschaltet ist,
ergibt sich die Moeglichkeit, mit MFV zu waehlen. Klappt
es, so ist man an einer DIV angeschlossen. Klappt es
nicht, sollte man sicherheitshalber die zuvor genannten
Testmethoden verwenden.
Kann ich mit Mehrfrequenzwahl (MFV/Tone Dial (R)) waehlen?
Grundvoraussetzung ist, dass man an einer digitalen Orts-
vermittlungsstelle (DIV) angeschlossen ist. In diesem
Fall sollte man es einfach mal probieren, heute ist MFV
i.d.R. freigeschaltet. Wenn nicht, muss ein
entsprechender Antrag bei der TELEKOM (R) gestellt
werden. Natuerlich kann MFV auf Antrag auch gesperrt werden.
Warum funktioniert der Gebuehrenzaehler an meinem Telefon nicht?
Der Gebuehrenzaehler wertet ein Signal aus, welches von
der Vermittlungsstelle geliefert werden muss. Ist dies
nicht der Fall, bewegt der Zaehler sich nicht. Die
Uebermittlung des Signals muss dann bei der TELEKOM (R)
beantragt werden. Es wird eine monatliche
Gebuehr von 1,- DM erhoben.
Ich hoere vor allem bei Ferngespraechen regelmaessig
einen stoerenden, kurzen, hohen Ton in der Leitung. Was
kann man dagegen tun?
Vermutlich tritt der Ton immer dann auf, wenn eine Tarif-
einheit zu Ende ist. Sollte ihr Telefon keinen
Gebuehrenzaehler besitzen, so ist die Uebermittlung des
Tons unnoetig und wird auf Antrag von der TELEKOM (R)
abgeschaltet.
Wie sind TAE-Stecker belegt?
Ein TAE-Stecker hat von hinten gesehen folgende sechs
Anschluesse:
---
|3 4| 1 = a a-Ader Amt
|2 5| 2 = b b-Ader Amt
|1 6| 3 = W Wecker
--- 4 = E Erdung
5 = b2 b-Ader Rueckfuehrung
6 = a2 a-Ader Rueckfuehrung
TAE-Stecker werden in zwei Kodierungen geliefert, F-kodiert und
N-kodiert. Die TAE-F-Stecker sollen fuer normale
Fernsprech- einrichtungen wie Telefone verwendet werden,
die TAE-N-Stecker fuer sonstiges wie Anrufbeantworter
oder FAX-Geraete. F-Stecker passen natuerlich nur in F-
Dosen, N-Stecker nur in N-Dosen.
Arbeiten an TAE-Steckern duerfen nur von lizenziertem
Fach- personal vorgenommen werden.
Wie werden TAE-Dosen angeschlossen?
Wie bei den TAE-Steckern gibt es auch bei den Dosen F-kodierte und
N-kodierte, bzw. Kombinationen aus mehreren N- und/oder F-kodierten
Steckern.
Die TAE-F-Dose:
==============
AMT AMT
EINGANG WEITERFUEHRUNG
| | | |
O O O O O O
1 2 3 4 5 6
__________________ Die a- und b-Adern der
| __ | Amtsleitung werden also
| F| | | an 1/2 angeschlossen.
| | | | Die Weiterfuehrung zu
| |__| | weiteren Dosen aus 5/6
|__________________| wird bei gestecktem Stecker
unterbrochen.
Zuaetzliche Wecker koennen an 2/3 angeschlossen werden. 4
ist der Anschluss fuer den Erddraht - wichtig bei Neben-
stellenanlagen.
Die TAE-FF-Dose:
Diese Dose besteht aus zwei TAE-F-Anschluessen, wobei die
obere Anschlussleiste fuer den linken TAE-F-Anschluss
ist, die untere fuer die rechte. Die Beschaltung erfolgt
wie bei der TAE-F-Dose.
Die TAE-NFF-Dose:
AMT AMT
EINGANG WEITERFUEHRUNG
| | | |
O O O O O O
1 2 3 4 5 6
__________________
| __ __ __ |
|N| | F| | F| | |
| | | | | | | |
| |__| |__| |__| |
|__________________|
6 5 4 3 2 1
O O O O O O
| |
AMT
EINGANG
Der rechte F-Anschluss verhaelt sich wie eine separate
TAE-F-Dose und hat keine Verbindung zu den beiden linken
Anschluessen. Fuer ihn ist die untere Anschlussleiste
zustaendig.
Der Unterschied zwischen dem linken NF-Teil der Dose und
einer TAE-FF-Dose ist, dass beide Anschluesse ueber die
an 1/2 an- geklemmte Amtsleitung versorgt werden. Steckt
im N-Anschluss ein Geraet, welches die Amtsleitung nicht
durch einen entsprechend beschalteten TAE-N-Stecker
weiterleitet, ist der mittlere F- Anschluss bei
gestecktem N-Stecker nicht in Betrieb. Fuer die
Weiterfuehrung aus 5/6 gilt gleiches wie bei der TAE-F-
Dose.
Die TAE-NFN-Dose:
AMT AMT
EINGANG WEITERFUEHRUNG
| | | |
O O O O O O
1 2 3 4 5 6
__________________
| __ __ __ |
|N| | F| | N| | |
| | | | | | | |
| |__| |__| |__| |
|__________________|
Hier sind alle drei Anschluesse auf eine
Amtsleitung geschaltet. Ansonsten gilt entsprechendes wie
fuer die anderen TAE-Dosen.
Arbeiten an TAE-Dosen duerfen nur von lizenziertem Fach-
personal vorgenommen werden.
Wie sind die Frequenzen der Mehrfrequenzwahltoene
festgelegt?
Jede Taste erzeugt eine Kombination aus zwei Toenen. Die
Frequenzen ergeben sich aus dieser Tabelle:
+-----+------+------+------+------+
| Hz | 1209 | 1336 | 1477 | 1633 |
+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 697 | 1 | 2 | 3 | A |
+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 770 | 4 | 5 | 6 | B |
+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 852 | 7 | 8 | 9 | C |
+-----+------+------+------+------+
| 941 | * | 0 | # | D |
+-----+------+------+------+------+
Festgelegt sind diese Frequenzen in der CCITT
Recommendation Q.23 Dort sind auch weitere Angaben wie
ueber Pegel, Dauer etc. zu finden. In CCITT Q.24 sind
dagegen die Geraete spezifiziert, die diese Q.23- Toene
erkennen sollen.
Wie kann ich eine 800er Nummer in den USA anrufen?
Nummern mit der Sondervorwahl 800 in den USA entsprechen
unseren Nummern mit 0130-Vorwahl, sind also innerhalb der
USA gebuehrenfrei erreichbar.
Aus Deutschland koennen diese Nummern nur unter
Zuhilfenahme des Operators einer US-Telefongesellschaft
wie z.B. MCI (R) angewaehlt werden. Dieser Anruf ist dann
selbstverstaendlich nicht kostenlos, sondern muss ueber
eine Buchungskarte abgerechnet werden.
Wie bediene ich Funktionen wie Anklopfen, Weiterleiten,
... (ANIS)?
Fuer Teilnehmer an digitalen Ortsvermittlungsstellen
werden diese Funktionen seit Herbst 1993 nach und nach
verfuegbar gemacht. "ANIS" ist die Abkuerzung fuer
"analoge Teilnehmer an ISDN-faehigen
Vermittlungsstellen".
Teilnehmer, die an Alcatel/SEL (R) S12
Vermittlungsstellen angeschlossen sind, muessen jedoch
noch bis Herbst 1994 auf die Komplettimplementation der
ANIS-Leitungsmerkmale warten. Nur Siemens (R) EWSD
Teilnehmer kommen ab Ende 1993 in den Genuss aller u.g.
Merkmale.
Die Funktionen sind gebuehrenpflichtig und werden nur auf
Antrag freigeschaltet.
Die monatlichen Gebuehren im einzelnen:
Anklopfen 5,- DM Dreierkonferenz 5,- DM
Rueckfragen/Makeln 3,- DM Anrufweitersch. 5,- DM
Verkehrssperre 7,- DM
Oder im Paket:
Anklopfen, Rueckfragen/Makeln, Dreierkonferenz 8,- DM
wie oben jedoch inkl. Anrufweiterschaltung 11,- DM
Bedienung:
(fuer * kann bei Impulswahl 1111 gewaehlt werden, fuer # 1112)
Diese Funktionen sind bereits verfuegbar:
*21*Rufnummer# Anrufweiterleitung (sofort)
#21# Keine Weiterleitung (sofort)
*61*Rufnummer# Anrufweiterleitung (wenn keine Rufannahme)
#61# Keine Weiterleitung (wenn keine Rufannahme)
*67*Rufnummer# Anrufweiterleitung (wenn Anschluss besetzt)
#67# Keine Weiterleitung(wenn Anschluss besetzt)
*43# Anklopfen einschalten
#43# Anklopfen abschalten
*33*nnnn*l# Anrufsperre (nnnn=Kennwort, l=Sperrtyp:
1=Ferngespraeche, 2=internationale
Gespraeche, 3=Sonderdienste, 4=1+3, 5=2+3,
0=ausser Notruf)
#33*nnnn# Keine Anrufsperre
*34*nnnn*nnnn# Kennwortaenderung (nnnn=neues Kennwort)
Das Weiterleiten zu Anschluessen mit den Anfangsziffern
"11", "011", "013" und "018" ist nicht moeglich.
Waehrend Gespraechen zu Anschluessen mit den
Anfangsziffern "0130" ist das Anklopfen grundsaetzlich
abgeschaltet.
Die Gespraechsgebuehren vom Anschluss des ANIS-
Teilnehmers bis zum Anschluss, auf welchen ein Gespraech
ggf. weitergeleitet wurde, zahlt der ANIS-Teilnehmer, wie
als ob er die Verbindung selbst hergestellt haette.
Rueckfrage:
* Gabel druecken fuer <1 Sek. (Hook Flash)
* Waehlton abwarten
* Rufnummer des 3. Teilnehmers eingeben Makeln, Konferenz und
Umschalten zwischen Teilnehmern: (nur nach erfolgtem
"Rueckfragen" moeglich)
- Gabel druecken fuer < 1 Sek. (Hook Flash)
- Waehlton abwarten dann
"1" waehlen fuer Teilnehmerumschaltung und Ausloesung des
aktiven Teilnehmers
oder "2" waehlen fuer Teilnehmerumschaltung
oder "3" fuer Konferenz
oder "0" fuer Ausloesung des gehaltenen Teilnehmers
Makeln, Konferenz und Umschalten funktionieren vorlaeufig
nicht aus dem Anklopfen heraus.
Fuer eine Konferenz wird der Regionaltarif als
Konferenzzuschlag berechnet.
Waehrend Gespraechen zu Anschlussen mit den
Anfangsziffern "0130" arbeiten die Funktionen
Rueckfragen, Makeln, Konferenz und Umschalten nicht
korrekt.
Diese Funktionen sind denkbar, jedoch nicht angekuendigt:
*32*Rufnummer Nur digitale Verbindungswege verwenden
*55*hhmm# Wecken um HH:MM Uhr
code# Waehlen mit Codewahlnummer
*51*code*Rufnummer# Programmieren einer Codewahlnummer
#51*code# Loeschen einer Codewahlnummer
*53*Rufnummer# Automatikwahl fuenf Sekunden nach
Hoererabheben
#53# Keine Automatikwahl
Handvermittlung. Gibt es die noch, wozu ist sie gut,was
kostet sie?
Die Handvermittlung Inland ist kostenlos unter 010
erreichbar, die Handvermittlung Ausland unter 0010.
Moegliche Verwendungszwecke sind u.a.:
* Gespraeche in Laender, die noch nicht per Selbstwahl
erreichbar sind (siehe Frage 6).
* R-Gespraeche: R-Gespraeche im Inland (seit 1.7.93) und in bestimmte
Laender koennen ueber die Handvermittlung angemeldet werden. Der
gerufene Teilnehmer uebernimmt die Gespraechsgebuehren.
* Dauerbesetzt: Ist ein angewaehlter Anschluss permanent
besetzt, so kann die Handvermittlung versuchen, ueber
Sonder- leitungen eine Verbindung herzustellen und ggf.
auch eine Pruefung des gerufenen Anschlusses veranlassen.
Die Grundgebuehr betraegt 9,50 DM, die Gespraechsgebuehr
0,69 DM pro Minute.
* Notgespraeche: Notgespraeche werden ausschliesslich zur
Rettung von Menschenleben oder hohen Sachwerten, sowie
zur Verbrechensverfolgung vermittelt. Die Handvermittlung
kann sich z.B. in einen besetzten Anschluss einschalten,
der dringend erreicht werden muss. Der gerufene
Teilnehmer hoert dabei den Aufschaltton, eine Sequenz von
jeweils zwei kurzen Toenen. Fuer Notgespraeche gelten
besondere Gebuehren. Missbrauch ist strafbar.
* Dringende Militaer- und Staatsgespraeche. Hier gelten besondere
Gebuehren.
Was ist Blue-Boxing?
Blue-Boxing ist eine strafbare Methode, sich Leistungen
im Telefon- verkehr zu erschleichen.
Dabei bedient sich der Anrufer jener Toene nach CCITT No.
5, die eigentlich nur Vermittlungsstellen untereinander
zur Kommunikation verwenden sollen. Somit wird der
Anrufer selbst zur Vermittlungs- stelle und gibt der
Gegenstelle Kommandos, wie z.B. eine bestimmte Verbindung
aufzubauen.
Z.Zt. wird das internationale Telefonnetz nach und nach
auf ein anderes Zeichengabesystem umgestellt, bei dem die
Signale von der Telefonleitung voellig getrennte Wege
nehmen. Blue-Boxing in der bisherigen Form wird somit
nicht mehr moeglich sein.
Werden die von mir angerufenen Nummern in der
Vermittlungsstelle gespeichert?
Bei Teilnehmern an analogen Ortsvermittlungsstellen:
nein, normaler- weise nicht, da technisch sehr aufwendig.
Bei Teilnehmern an digitalen Ortsvermittlungsstellen: ja.
Nur deshalb kann man bei Einspruechen gegen eine
Telefonrechnung auch nachtraeglich eine Liste der
angerufenen Nummern beantragen.
Neben den Rufnummern werden noch statistische Daten
erfasst, wie z.B. Anzahl der Besetztverbindungen, Anzahl
Waehlversuche mit unvollstaendiger Rufnummer etc.
Gibt es ein Geraet, welches mir die Rufnummer des
Anrufers anzeigt?
Ja, ein ISDN-Telefon am ISDN-Anschluss. Dort werden
Rufnummern folgender Anrufer angezeigt:
* Anrufer von ISDN-Anschluessen, die der Uebermittlung Ihrer
Rufnummer nicht widersprochen haben.
* Anrufer von D2-Mobiltelefonen.
* Anrufer von analogen Telefonanschluessen an digitalen
Ortsvermittlungsstellen, die die Uebermittlung beantragt haben
(kostenlos) oder bei denen die Uebermittlung versehentlich
freigeschaltet ist.`
Wie lange darf ich hoechstens telefonieren, um von einer
Fangschaltung nicht gefangen zu werden?
Bei Gespraechen zwischen digitalen
Ortsvermittlungsstellen - auch Ferngespraechen - ist Ihre
Nummer der Zielvermittlungsstelle schon vor dem ersten
Klingelzeichen bekannt.
Sind analoge Vermittlungsstellen beteiligt ist die Sache
etwas komplizierter, jedoch nicht unmoeglich, da es
Moeglichkeiten gibt zu verhindern, dass Ihre Verbindung
ausgeloest wird, wenn Sie auflegen. Dann besteht beliebig
viel Zeit, Ihre Rufnummer zu er- mitteln. In dieser Zeit
erhalten Sie bei erneutem Abheben des Hoerers keinen
Freiton mehr.
Fangschaltungen koennen im Bedarfsfall von Jedermann fuer
eine begrenzte Zeit beantragt werden. Staendig stehen
diese den Not- rufabfragestellen von Polizei und
Feuerwehr zur Verfuegung.
Naeheres siehe Frage 3.
Ich kann mit Mehrfrequenzwahl waehlen. Welche Bedeutung
haben hier die Tasten *, #, A, B, C und D?
Unter anderem werden Kombinationen aus diesen Tasten und
Ziffern fuer TELEKOM (R) interne Zwecke verwendet.
Fuer ANIS-Teilnehmer haben Sie jedoch besondere
Funktionen (siehe Frage 22).
Meine Telefonrechnung erscheint mir zu hoch. Was kann ich tun?
Weniger telefonieren, waere die einfachste Loesung.
Wem die Rechnung trotz allem zu hoch erscheint, der
sollte sich ueberlegen, ob nicht evtl.
Familienangehoerige oder andere Personen, die Zugang zum
Telefon haben (Schornsteinfeger etc.) teure Nummern der
einschlaegigen Diensteanbieter anrufen, die immer mehr in
Zeit- schriften und Tageszeitungen inserieren.
Ist dies alles ausgeschlossen, so bestehen folgende Moeglichkeiten:
* Wer an einer digitalen Ortsvermittlungsstelle angeschlossen ist,
kann sich auch nachtraeglich eine
Auflistung der angerufenen Ruf- nummern ausdrucken lassen
(siehe Frage 13).
* Fuer den naechsten Monat eine Vergleichszaehlung bei der TELEKOM (R)
beantragen.
* Gegen relativ hohe Gebuehren einen verplombten Gebuehrenzaehler
durch die TELEKOM (R) im Haus installieren lassen.
* Um Rat fragen bei: Interessengem. "Einwendungen gegen ueberhoehte
Telefonrechnungen" Frau Doris Belz, Moselstr. 24, 45219 Essen,
Tel. 0201/5482191 oder Verband der Postbenutzer, Postfach 10 20 28
Offenbach
Wie hoch kann eine Telefonrechnung maximal werden?
Per Selbstwahl kann man innerhalb von 31 Tagen
Tarifeinheiten im Wert von 880.046,- DM verbrauchen.
Dieser Berechung liegt der 0,7 Sekunden-Takt bei
Gespraechen ueber Inmarsat-Satelliten zugrunde.
Wie waehle ich eine Nummer, die mit "+" beginnt?
"+" ist die internationale Abkuerzung fuer die
Verkehrsausscheidungs-ziffer, also die Ziffer(n), die man
in einem Land waehlen muss, um ein internationales
Selbstwaehlferngespraech zu fuehren. Hinter den
Verkehrsausscheidungsziffern wird die Laenderkennung
gewaehlt (siehe Frage 35).
So steht z.B. "+1 213 555 1212" fuer eine Nummer im Land
mit der Laenderkennung "1". Aus Deutschland waere diese
Nummer also so anzuwaehlen:
"001 213 555 1212" - wobei "00" die
Verkehrsausscheidungs- ziffern fuer Deutschland sind. In
anderen Laendern gelten abweichende
Verkehrsausscheidungsziffern, wie z.B. "011" in den USA.
Gerade dies ist der Grund, weshalb international als
Platzhalter das "+" verwendet wird.
Umgekehrter Weg:
Die Nummer "02151/999999" in Deutschland wuerde im
internationalen Format so angegeben: "+49 2151 999999".
Dabei ist zu beachten, dass "+49" fuer Deutschland steht
und dann die Ortsnetzkennzahl ohne die fuehrende "0"
angegeben wird, da diese aus dem Ausland ja nicht
mitgewaehlt werden darf.
Wie fuehre ich Gespraeche mit Rheinschiffen?
Gespraeche im Rheinfunkdienst werden unter der Nummer 010
angemeldet, im Notfall wenden Sie sich an die
Schiffsnotruf- stelle unter 0261/74444.
Bei der Gespraechsanmeldung nennen Sie Ihre Rufnummer
und, sofern bekannt, Rufzeichen und Selektivrufnummer der
verlangten Schiffsfunkstelle, den Namen des Schiffes,
seinen Standort und die Fahrtrichtung und ggf. die
gewuenschte Gespraechsart.
Wie fuehre ich Seefunkgespraeche?
Seefunkgespraeche werden unter Angabe Ihrer Rufnummer,
dem Namen des gerufenen Schiffes, dem Gespraechspartner,
sowie wenn bekannt des Rufzeichens und Standortes des
Schiffes kostenlos unter folgenden
Nummern angemeldet:
Ziel Meldung bei
=================================
Schiffe auf allen Weltmeeren und auf UKW 0130/800321
mit Schiffen im Bereich der Nordsee und Norddeich Radio
fuer den Seehafen Emden.
Schiffe in den Kuestengewaessern der 0130/800323
Deutschen
Bucht und den uebrigen Seehaefen Elbe-Weser Radio im Nordseebereich.
Schiffe im westlichen Bereich der Ostsee 0130/800324
und im Nordostseekanal.
Kiel Radio Schiffe in der uebrigen Ostsee. 0130/800322
Ruegen Radio
Was muss ich beim Absetzen von Notrufen beachten?
1. Notrufnummern
================
Es gelten folgende Notrufnummern:
a) Polizei: 110 bundesweit, bei Nichterreichbarkeit: 112
b) Feuerwehr: 112 bundesweit, bei Nichterreichbarkeit: 110
c) Rettungsdienst: im Zweifelsfall und bei Nichterreichbarkeit
gemaess untenstehender Tabelle ueber 110 oder 112 vermitteln
lassen, da nur die Rufnummern 110 und 112 besondere Verkehrsbe-
rechtigung im Telefondienst haben und hoechste Verfuegbarkeit
garantieren.
Fuer den Rettungsdienst gelten regional unterschiedliche Rufnummern:
Notrufnummern der Rettungsleitstellen
nach Bundeslaendern (alphabetische Sortierfolge)
BADEN-WUERTTEMBG. 110 oder (ONKZ)/19222
ausser Stuttgart 0711/280211, Esslingen 0711/353035,
Heilbronn 07131/45055, Hohenlohekreis 07941/8081,
Ostalbkreis 07361/6043, Zollernalbkreis 07433/2511
BAYERN 110 oder (ONKZ)/19222
BERLIN 112
BRANDENBURG 110
BREMEN 110 oder 112
HAMBURG 110 oder 112
HESSEN 110 oder 112
MECKLENBURG-VORP. 110
ausser Schwerin, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund,
Neubrandenburg, Greifswald: 112
NIEDERSACHSEN 110 oder 112
NORDRHEIN-WESTF. 112
RHEINLAND-PFALZ 112 (Stadt), 110 oder 112 (Land)
SAARLAND 110
SACHSEN 115
SACHSEN-ANHALT 110 oder 112
SCHLESWIG-HOLST. 112 (Stadt), 110 (Land) THUERINGEN 112
2. Meldebild
============
a) WO geschah es?
b) WAS geschah?
c) WIEVIELE Personen sind betroffen?
d) WELCHE Art der Erkrankung/Verletzung liegt vor?
e) WARTEN auf Rueckfragen! (der Punkt "WER meldet?" ist hier gemaess
neuster Empfehlungen nicht aufgefuehrt)
3. Notrufverbindungen von Mobiltelefonen
========================================
An Mobiltelefonen des C-Netzes gelten die unter 1.
aufgefuehrten Notrufnummern bzw. es kann - falls
vorhanden - die Notruffunktion des jeweiligen Telefons
genutzt werden.
An Mobiltelefonen der D1 und D2-Netze gilt grundsaetzlich
die Notrufnummer 112 fuer alle Arten von Notfaellen.
Diese kann auch erreichbar sein, wenn die
Empfangsfeldstaerke fuer normale Gespraeche nicht
ausreicht!
WICHTIG: Geben Sie bei Notrufen von Mobiltelefonen immer
an, in welcher Stadt Sie sich befinden und, dass Sie von
einem Mobil-telefon anrufen. Aufgrund der Struktur der
Funkbereiche erreichen Sie evtl. eine fuer den Notfallort
nicht zustaendige Leitstelle.
4. Technische Hintergruende/Besonderheiten (Notrufsystem 73)
============================================================
a) Unterbinden von Fehlverbindungen:
Anrufer, die innerhalb von 3 Sekunden nach der Wahl 110
oder 112
eine weitere Ziffer waehlen, erhalten den Besetzt-ton. Die
Abfragestelle wird nicht gerufen. Notrufanschluesse sind nicht
im Selbstwaehlferndienst (mit Vorwahl) erreichbar.
b) Feststellen von ankommenden Verbindungen: (1) Zur Ermittlung
von Klingelstoerern (Anrufer legt waehrend des Laeutens wieder auf)
wird die Verbindung zur Abfragestelle in jedem Fall fuer
40 Sekunden gehalten. Bei EWSO/DIVO-VSt wird die Rufnummer
des Anrufers nach 40 Sekunden auf einem Drucker ausgedruckt.
Eine Sprechmoeglichkeit mit dem Anrufer besteht nicht mehr.
Der Fangzustand wird nur dann nach 40 Sekunden aufgehoben, wenn die
Notrufabfragestelle innerhalb dieser Zeit nicht abgefragt
hat. Ansonsten wird der Notrufanschluss gegen weitere
Belegungen gesperrt.
Die Sperre wird der Abfragestelle angezeigt.
(2) Halten der Verbindung nach dem Abfragen: Legt der
Anrufer auf, die Notrufabfragestelle jedoch nicht, dann
wird der Anruf bei EMD-
Technik gehalten. Bei EWSO-/DIVO-VSt wird die Ruf-nummer
des Anrufers ausgedruckt und die Verbindung ausgeloest.
Bei der EMD-
Technik bleibt der Anrufer so lange blockiert, bis die
Abfragestelle den Handapparat auflegt oder bis der
Anschluss in der OVSt von Hand ausgeloest wird (called
party terminated connection).
c) Standortkennung:
Bestimmte Notrufeinrichtungen uebermitteln nach der
Anwahl von 110 oder 112 automatisch eine vierstellige
Standort-kennung. Hierzu werden hinter der Kurzwahlnummer
das Melder-zeichen (12 Impulse) und dann die vierstellige
Kennung gesendet. Bei Verbindungen von Mobiltelefonen wird
grundsaetzlich eine mit "9" beginnende Kennung
uebermittelt, um der Abfrage-stelle ein Funkgespraech zu
signalisieren.
Welche Laenderkennungen gelten im Selbstwaehlferndienst?
Laenderkennungen im Selbstwaehlferndienst:
Vor der Landeskennung ist jeweils die nationale
Verkehrsausscheidungs-ziffer zu waehlen (in der BRD
'00').
Aegypten 20
Aequatorialguinea 240
Aethiopien 251
Albanien 355
Algerien 213
Amerikanisch-Samoa 684
Amerikanische Jungferninseln 1809
Andorra 3362
Angola 244
Anguilla 1809
Antarktis
Casey 67212
Macquarrie Island 67213
Davis 67210
Mawson 67211
Antigua und Barbuda 1809
Argentinien 54
Aruba 297
Ascension 247
Atlantischer Ozean (Ost) 871
Atlantischer Ozean (West) 874
Australien 61
Kokosinseln 6722
Norfolkinsel 6723
Weihnachtsinsel 6724
Bahamas 1809
Bahrain 973
Bangladesch 880
Barbados 1809
Belgien 32
Belize 501
Benin 229
Bermuda 1809
Birma 95
Bolivien 591
Bosnien-Herzegowina 387
Botsuana 267
Brasilien 55
Britische Jungferninseln 1809
Brunei 673
Bulgarien 359
Burkina Faso 226
Burundi 257
Chile 56
China (Taiwan) 886
China (Volksrepublik) 86
Cookinseln 682
Costa Rica 506
Daenemark 45
Deutschland (Bundesrepublik) 49
Dominica 1809
Dominikanische Republik 1809
Dschibuti 253
Ecuador 593
Elfenbeinkueste 225
El Salvador 503
Eritrea 291
Estland 372
Faeroeer 298
Falklandinseln 500
Fidschi 679
Finnland 358
Frankreich 33
Franzoesisch-Guayana 594
Franzoesisch-Polynesien 689
Gabun 241
Gambia 220
Ghana 233
Gibraltar 350
Grenada 1809
Griechenland 30
Groenland 299
Grossbritannien 44
Guadeloupe 590
Guam 671
Guatemala 502
Guinea-Bissau 245
GUS 7
Guyana 592
Haiti 509
Honduras 504
Hongkong 852
Indien 91
Indischer Ozean 873
Indonesien 62
Insel Man 44
Irak 964
Iran 98
Irland 353
Island 354
Israel 972
Italien 39
Jamaika 1809
Japan 81
Jemen (Arabische Republik) 967
Jordanien 962
Jugoslawien 38
Kaimaninseln 1809
Kambodscha 855
Kamerun 237
Kanada 1
Kanalinseln 44
Kap Verde 238
Katar 974
Kenia 254
Kiribati 686
Kolumbien 57
Kongo 242
Korea (Demokratische Republik) 850
Korea (Republik) 82
Kroatien 385
Kuba 53
Kuwait 965
Laos 856
Lesotho 266
Lettland 371
Libanon 961
Liberia 231
Libyen (Lib.-Arabische-Dscham.) 218
Liechtenstein 4175
Litauen 370
Luxemburg 352
Macau 853
Madagaskar 261
Malawi 265
Malaysia 60
Malediven 960
Mali 223
Malta 356
Marianen 670
Marokko 212
Marshallinseln 692
Martinique 596
Mauretanien 222
Mauritius 230
Mayotte 269
Mazedonien 389
Mexiko 52
Mikronesien 691
Monaco 3393
Montserrat 1809
Mosambik 258
Namibia 264
Nauru 674
Nepal 977
Neukaledonien 687
Neuseeland 64
Nicaragua 505
Niederlaendische Antillen 599
Niederlande 31
Niger 227
Nigeria 234
Nordirland 44
Norwegen 47
Obervolta 226
Oesterreich 43
Oman 968
Pakistan 92
Palau 6809
Panama 507
Papua-Neuguinea 675
Paraguay 595
Pazifischer Ozean 872
Peru 51
Philippinen 63
Polen 48
Portugal 351
Puerto Rico 1809
Reunion 262
Ruanda 250
Rumaenien 40
Salomonen 677
Sambia 260
Samoa 685
San Marino 378
Sao Tome und Principe 23912
Saudi Arabien 966
Schweden 46
Schweiz 41
Senegal 221
Serbien und Montenegro 381
Seschellen 248
Sierra Leone 232
Simbabwe 263
Singapur 65
Slowakei 42
Slowenien 386
Somalia 252
Spanien 34
Sri Lanka 94
St. Christoph und Nevis 1809
St. Lucia 1809
St. Pierra und Miquelon 508
St. Vincent und die Grenadien 1809
Sudan 249
Suedafrika 27
Suriname 597
Swasiland 268
Syrien 963
Tansania 255
Thailand 66
Togo 228
Tonga 676
Trinidad und Tobago 1809
Tschad 235
Tschechien 42
Tuerkei 90
Tunesien 216
Turks- und Caicos-Inseln 1809
Uganda 256
Ungarn 36
Uruguay 598
Vanuatu 678
Vatikanstadt 396
Venezuela 58
Vereinigte Arabische Emirate 971
Vereinigte Staaten (USA) 1
Vietnam 848
Zaire 243
Zentralafrikanische Republik 236
Zypern 357
Wie fuehre ich Selbstgespraeche?
Zunaechst einmal: Selbstgespraeche sind gebuehrenfrei,
sofern Sie sich dazu nicht zweier Telefone bedienen. Es
reicht, wenn ein Telefonapparat in Ihrer Naehe (< wenige
km) ist. Heben Sie den Hoerer nicht ab; warten Sie einige
Sekunden und sprechen Sie dann deutlich. Das Gespraech
ist automatisch beendet, wenn Sie nicht mehr antworten.
Selbstgespraeche werden (noch) nicht durch 0010
vermittelt. Sie sind preiswert, obwohl es sich um
"personal calls" handelt. R-Gespraeche sind moeglich.
Lohnt sich der Einsatz von GSM-Karten auslaendischer
Netzbetreiber in Deutschland anstelle einer D1 oder D2-
Karte?
Vorteile:
Man nutzt mit einer Karte die Infrastruktur des D1 und D2
Netzes - und dies unter einer einzigen Rufnummer. Dadurch
erreicht man eine wesentlich hoehere Erreichbarkeit.
Oft erheblich niedrigere Anmeldegebuehr (teils ca. 12,-
DM) und
Grundgebuehr (z.B. 4,30 DM/Monat).
Nachteile:
Fuer in Deutschland gefuehrte Gespraeche gilt der D1 bzw.
D2- Tarif plus einem Zuschlag von 0% bis 15%, den der
aus- laendische Provider festlegt und kassiert. Im
guenstigsten mir bekannten Fall liegt dieser Zuschlag bei
5%. Fuer ankommende Gespraeche muss man auch zahlen - im
guenstigsten Fall ca. 57 Pfennig pro Minute.
Der Anrufer muss natuerlich das Telefon ueber eine
Zugangs- nummer im Heimatland der Karte anwaehlen und
zahlt dadurch je nach Land evtl. hoehere Gebuehren als
bei Anwahl einer D1 oder D2 Nummer.
Bei Verwendung der selektiven Anrufweiterleitung
entstehen fuer mich unermittelbar hohe Zusatzkosten.
Die Nutzung einer Sprachbox im Ausland erscheint unsinnig
und teuer. Fazit:
Wer auf die selektive Anrufweiterleitung verzichten kann,
keine Sprachbox braucht und nicht zu oft angerufen wird,
jedoch selbst auch nicht fuer mehr als ca. 1.300,- DM pro
Monat telefoniert (erst dann uebersteigen die 5% teureren
Gespraechsgebuehren die deutschen Grundgebuehren), fuer
den ist eine auslaendische Karte wegen ihrer o.g.
Vorteile genau das richtige.
Zu beachten: Es gibt ein Abkommen unter den GSM-
Netzbetreibern, im Ausland nicht aktiv Werbung fuer ihre
Karten zu machen und auch keine Haendler im Ausland zu
unterhalten. Wer also eine auslaendische Karte moechte,
der muss sich direkt an den auslaendischen Netzbetreiber
wenden, ggf. nicht deutsch sprechen und auch die Nummer
des Betreibers selbst beschaffen.
Krefcom Communication Services | Internet:
jrichert#krefcom.GUN.de
Jan Richert, Krefeld, FRG | Datex-J: 02151399843-0001
-------------------------------+ Data: +49 2151 396479 (12-20h MET)
Voice: +49 2151 313124 | IBM VNET: I1006214 AT IBMMAIL
GSM: +358 40 5005686 | IRC-Nick: jrichert
FAX: +49 2151 396479 | NIC-ID: JR482
----------------------------------------------
by pannier#cs.tu-berlin.de -------------Telefon-FAQ
------Letzte Aenderung: 26.01.1994-----
---------------------------------------------------
Nie wieder Kleingeld?
Chipkartentechnik
Die wohl bekannteste Chipkarte ist die von der Post
ausgegebene Telefonkarte. Bei diesem Vortrag ging es
vornehmlich um die Technik dieser Karte und die damit
eventuell auftretenden Komplikationen, die in Verbindung
mit dem Datenschutz auftreten koennen.
Der Chip, der fuer die Telefonkarten verwendet wird,
besteht aus einem Read Only Memory (ROM), einem Speicher
fuer das verbleibende Guthaben in Pfennigen und einem
Teil, der fuer die interne Authentisierungspruefung
verwendet wird.
Der ROM-Bereich ist in vier Sektoren unterteilt, und zwar
in einen Teil, in dem die Telefonkartenkennung
gespeichert ist, einer, in dem der Hersteller der Karte
vermerkt wird, und ein weiterer, in dem der Wert der
Karte zu finden ist (60, 50 oder 12 DM). Ebenso ist die
Seriennummer - sie aendert sich nur alle 100 Karten - im
ROM gespeichert.
Als das Konzept der Telefonkarte noch in den
Kinderschuhen steckte, waren die verwendeten Chips so
teuer, dass anfangs die Moeglichkeit erwogen wurde, den
Wert der Karte wieder aufzuladen. Da dies allerdings ein
Sicheheitsrisiko darstellte, wurde - vorangetrieben durch
den Preisverfall der Hardware - spaeter auf eine
moegliche Wiederaufladung verzichtet.
Die Telekom kann die Telefonkarten so programieren, dass
erkannt wird, wieviele Pfennige pro Einheit abgebucht
werden sollen. Deshalb liegt das Guthaben auf dem Chip
der Telefonkarte auch in Pfennigen und nicht in Einheiten
vor. Das Wiederaufladen der Telefonkarten wird dadurch
verhindert, dass vom Guthaben nur etwas abgezogen, aber
nicht etwas hinzugezaehlt werden kann.
Aehnliche Manipulationsversuche, wie z.B. das Guthaben
einer Karte von vornherein auf 300 DM zu setzen oder aber
festzulegen, dass pro Einheit dem Guthaben Null Pfennige
abgezogen werden, wird dadurch unterbunden, dass die
einzelnen Kartentelefone wissen, welche verschiedenen
Konfigurationen ueberhaupt moeglich sind, und falsch
konfigurierte Karten einfach nicht annehmen. Als einen
weiteren Test versucht das Kartentelefon, bestimmte Teile
des ROMs zu ueberschreiben, sollte dies gelingen, so
nimmt es die Karte auch nicht an.
Das problematische bei den Telefonkarten ist, dass nahezu
alle oeffentliche Kartentelefone durch eine DATEX-L
Standleitung mit einem Hauptcomputer verbunden sind. Das
macht es moeglich, diverse Daten zu speichern, was die
Telekom auch fuer jeweils 80 Tage tut. De fakto handelt
es sich bei den gespeicherten Daten um die Seriennummer
der Telefonkarte, von wo und wann angerufen wurde, die
Dauer des Gespraechs und um die angerufene Telefonnummer,
bei der allerdings die letzten beiden Ziffern - aus
Datenschutzgruenden - nicht gespeichert werden.
Die Frage ist nur, was die Telekom mit den gesammelten
Datenmengen anfangen will. Durch die oben erwaehnte
Standleitung hat die Telekom die Moeglichkeit, saemtliche
Kartentelefone - praktisch ueber Nacht -
umzuprogrammieren. Das ist z.B. dann noetig, wenn
Telefonkarten einer bestimmten Seriennummer gesperrt
werden sollen oder Telefonkarten mit neuen
Spezifikationen herausgegeben werden.
Stefan Pernar
-------------------------Stefan Kurtz,06.Jul.1995
/ ChaosComputerClub e.V. Hamburg / FoeBuD e.V. Bielefeld
-------------------------------------------------
Aufbau der Telefonkarte...
(hoffentlich wird man da schlau raus ;-)
(Die Zeichnung wird noch konvertiert Anm. Karo)
/AeAeAeªAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeY
= Z = Speicher: =
= E = =
/AeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeY
/AeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeAeY
= I = 88 Bit EEPROM =
Vpp==Datasektor=
...das war die Zeichnung, und nun zum Text :-)
...........................schnibbel.....................
............
Viel vorgenommen hat sich die Telekom, was die
Vielfaeltigkeit der les-baren Karten betrifft. so bieten
die Kartentelefonzellen alle
Moeglich-keiten eines modernen EEPROM-Programmers:
Programierspannungen von 5 bis 25,5 Volt in 255
Schritten, dazu fuer die Prozessorkarten (Telekarten)
mehrere Taktfrequenzen zwischen 1,2 und 9,8 MHz. Die
Hauptarbeit verrichtet ein 8031-Prozessor mit 10 MHz
Takt, der auf der einen Seite den Dialog mit der Karte
abwickelt, gleichzeitig aber auch ueber ein DOV-Modem
(data over voice) Kontakt zur EDV der P*st
aufrechterhaelt. Gibt man seine Telefonkarte in den
Karteneinschub, so liest das Kartentelefon mit einer
Standarteinstellung die ersten 16 Bit der Karte aus. Aus
diesem 'Answer to Reset' erhaelt das Telefon alle
Betriebsparameter wie Takt, Programmierspannung (wenn
noetig), Ueber-tragungsprotokolle und so weiter. Nach der
Einstellung dieser Werte beginnt die weitere
Kommunikation mit der Chipkarte.
Im Fall der vorrausbezahlten Telefonkarte wird nun der
noch vorhandene Betrag aus dem EEPROM ausgelesen, in D-
Mark umgerechnet und fuer den User auf dem Display
angezeigt.
Man darf jetzt waehlen...
Das DOV-Modem auf Vermittlungsseite teilt dem
Kartentelefon auch den Verbrauch einer Gespraechseinheit
mit. Der momentane Preis pro Einheit muss nun auf der
Karte geloescht werden, was durch die Uebergabe eines
Loeschbefehls in Verbindung mit der Adresse des zu
loeschen Bits an die Karte geschieht. Nach dieser
Loeschoperation liest der Prozessor den Gebuehrenstand
der Karte erneut, um zu ueberpruefen ob die drei Groschen
tatsaechlich entfernt wurden.
Im negativen Fall waere das Gespraech hier beendet.
Das Kartentelefon misst die Zeit zwischen zwei
Gebuehrenimpulsen, um dem Benutzer rechzeitig
mitzuteilen, dass sich der Gebuehrenstand der Karte dem
Ende naehert. Sind es weniger als 20 Sekunden bis zum
Aus, alamiert ein Piepton den Benutzer, der daraufhin per
Tastendruck die letzten Ein-heiten auf der Karte ins
Telefon 'uebertragen' und eine neue Karte ein-schieben
kann. Solange noch Gebuehren der ersten Karte gespeichert
sind, werden beide Gebuehrenstaende angezeigt.
...........................schnibbel.....................
............
> Sind doch immer 8 oder 9 Kontakte, oder??
Es sind 9 Kontakte, aber die beiden 5er sind miteinander
verbunden...
-----------------------
| |
| 1 5 |
| 2 6 |
| 3 5 7 |
| 4 8 |
| |
-----------------------
From fido.ger.ccc Wed Jun 29 16:05:44 1994
From: Ingo_Lammers#p8.f209.n2449.z2.fido.sub.org (Ingo
Lammers)
pannier#cs.tu-berlin.de
---------------------Testnummer der Telekom
Die Nummer lautet 117755 + (Eigene) Nummer
* Wenn Du an einer NICHT digitalen Vermittlung haengst:
117755, kurze Pause, EIGENE Nummer
danach sollte kommen "tuet, tuet, pause, tuet, tuet,
pause, ..." wenn nicht, funktioniert es fuer Deinen
Anschluss eben nicht (sehr selten).
Wenn Du diesen Ton hoerst legst Du einfach auf und
wartest, bis der Postcomputer zurueckruft.
Du hoerst einen Pfeifton aehnlich einem Carrier. Wenn dieser aufhoert
kurz in das Mikro pusten (Mikrotest). Wieder "Carrier",
danach "0" waehlen (Pulswahltest). Danach so ne art
Freizeichen. Wenn dies kommt ist alles ok, wenn belegt
kommt stimmt was nicht mit dem Tel oder Du hast einen
Fehler gemacht.
* Wenn DU an einer DIGITALEN Vermittlung haengst:
117755 + EIGENE Nummer
Danach kommt ein kurzer Piepton, Stille! Jetzt wartet der Postcompi
auf eine weitere Eingabe (0-9)!!! Die Eingabe wird wieder mit einem
kurzen Pfeifton bestaetigt.
1: sendet Testsignale
2: bei Auflegen ruft er sofort zurueck
3: ?
4: ?
5: sendet Testsignale
6: wartet kurz, ruft zurueck
7: schaltet Tel. kurzzeitig ab und ruft dannach zurueck
8: -"-
9: -"-
0: schaltet Tel. exakt fuer 2 Min ab
* Test ob eine Nummer besetzt ist oder nicht.
117755, kurze Pause, ANDERE Nummer
damit kannst Du feststellen wenn ein Anschluss belegt
ist, wann derjenige auflegt!!! Manchmal sehr nuetzlich.
Sobald derjenige auflegt wechselt der Ton:
"tuet, tuet, pause, tuet, tuet, pause, ..." -> Anschluss
ist z.Z. besetzt! "tuet, tuet, tuet, tuet, ..."
-> Anschluss ist frei!
Das Verfahren, wie es hier beschrieben wird ,
funktioniert aber nur, wenn der Pruefschrank in deiner
Vermittlungsstelle steht, sonst wird es etwas
komplizierter. Dann musst Du naemlich 0117755 waehlen, um
an den naechsten Pruefschrank zu kommen. Um in Dein
Ortsnetzt zurueckzukommen, musst Du die Null waehlen und
dann die letzten ein, zwei oder drei Ziffern Deiner
Vorwahl, und dann erst Deine Anschlussnummer.
Ausserdem gibt es auch noch die Nummern:
* 01176 + eigene Nummer
* 01176 + letzte Ziffer der Vorwahl + eigene Nummer
* 111 + letzte Ziffer der Vorwahl + eigene Nummer
Diese Nummer sind nur noch selten in Betrieb,so dass es
vorkommen kann dass sie gar nicht mehr existieren.
by pannier#cs.tu-berlin.de
----------------------------------
Service 0180
Und sie geraten automatisch an den Richtigen
Immer mehr Unternehmen praesentieren ihr Serviceangebot
bundesweit unter einer einzigen Rufnummer, die mit 0180
beginnt. Das zeitaufwendige Suchen, welches denn nun die
richtige Telefonnummer fuer welche Filiale ist,
entfaellt. Sie gelangen automatisch zu dem fuer Sie
naechstgelegenen Ansprechpartner. So ist Ihnen z.B.
schnellere Hilfe zugegen, wenn Sie sich unter einer 0180-
Rufnummer an einen bundesweit agierenden Pannendienst
wenden. Und noch besser: Viele dieser servicefreundlichen
Unternehmen beteiligen sich sogar an ihren
Gespraechskosten. Zum 1.8.94 aendern sich die Tarife fuer
den Service 0180. Fuer eine Tarifeinheit (23 Pf) koennen
Sie dann bei Rufnummern, die mit 01805 beginnen, 21 Sek.,
bei Rufnummern, die mit 08102 beginnen, 360 Sek.
telefonieren. Die restlichen Verbindungsentgelte
uebernimmt das Unternehmen, das sie angerufen haben.
Wenn sie jetzt noch Fragen zu diesem neuen Tarif oder zu
anderen Themen haben, so steht Ihnen Telekom direkt unter
der Rufnummer 01113 zum Nulltarif zur Verfuegung.
Hinweis: Wir sind gesetzlich verpflichtet, Sie darauf
hinzuweisen, dass Sie den Vertrag ueber Ihren
Telefonanschluss - unbeschadet Ihrer sonstigen
Kuendigungsrechte - zum Zeitpunkt der Aenderung kuendigen
koennen. ------------pannier#cs.tu-berlin.de
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